Grammar Library
The grammar library has several hundred grammar expressions with definitions, usage patterns, example sentences, advanced notes, and user-made sentences!JLPT Grammar
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| Expression Name | Sentences | Completion level | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (examples displayed below when available) | Examples | User-made | |
| わけではない | 7 | 57 | |
| Meaning(s): Although you may think A, that is not the case. | |||
Model: 「魚は、目が開いているが起きているわけではない。」 For fish, having their eyes open doesn't necessarily mean they are awake.
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| ものなら | 1 | 40 | |
| Meaning(s): A can't be done, but if it could, then B | |||
Model: 「彼女と会えるものなら、ぜひ会いに行きたい。」 If I can, I really want to go see her.
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| ことか | 5 | 58 | |
| Meaning(s): How A, so A, how much A!, Very A | |||
Model: 「その部屋は何て寒かった事か。」 How cold it was in the room!
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| ことになっている | 7 | 45 | |
| Meaning(s): Displays rule, decision, or plan A | |||
Model: 「この建物から出ては行けないことになっている。」 You are not to leave this building.
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| ということ | 5 | 82 | |
| Meaning(s): Changes sentence/phrase A into a noun, Presents information A; A is heard (and repeated in this sentence) | |||
Model: 「噂によれば、今年のクラブに入る一年生の人数は大変多いということだ。」 According to the rumors, it looks like that there are a lot of first year students joining clubs this year.
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| ことだ | 3 | 38 | |
| Meaning(s): A is necessary/good (offering advice/suggestion) | |||
Model: 「海外に住む間は両親に時々連絡することだ。」 Sometime you should get in contact with your parents while you're living overseas.
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| ないことはない | 5 | 41 | |
| Meaning(s): There is a (small) possibility of A. A is not impossible. | |||
Model: 「一日に16時間続けて仕事はできない事もないが、全然楽じゃないでしょう？」 It's not that you can't work 16 hours in a single day, but it's not exactly easy, right?
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| ことはない | 2 | 44 | |
| Meaning(s): A is not necessary; it's OK if A is not done. | |||
Model: 「いいえ、謝ることはないよ。」 No, there's no need to apologize.
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| ないことには | 4 | 42 | |
| Meaning(s): If you don't A, the condition B will remain the same. | |||
Model: 「食べてみないことにはおいしいかどうか分からない！」 I won't know if it's delicious unless I try it.
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| を余儀なくされる | 0 | 16 | |
| Meaning(s): Must do A | |||
| といったところだ | 1 | 11 | |
| Meaning(s): Display an amount/level/degree A (程度) | |||
Model: 「Ａ：お母さんの具合はどうだい？ Ｂ：うん、まあ、一進一退といったところだ。」 A: How is your mother's condition? B: Well, she has her good times and bad times.
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| ものだから | 2 | 25 | |
| Meaning(s): Because of A | |||
Model: 「旅行の予定があるものだから来週の会議に出席できない。」 I have travel plans; therefore, I can't attend next week's meeting.
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| ものの | 2 | 36 | |
| Meaning(s): Although A... | |||
Model: 「日本語能力試験を受けるつもりであるものの、まだ勉強をし始めていない。」 Even though I'm going to take the JLPT, I still haven't started studying.
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| ものだ | 5 | 58 | |
| Meaning(s): Shows common/obvious knowledge A; Of course, A, it's known that A, Really A, truly A | |||
Model: 「六本木では流行するスタイルが多いものだ。」 Roppongi is (obviously) a place with a lot of the latest fashion styles.
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| わけがない | 3 | 48 | |
| Meaning(s): There's no reason for A (A should not be possible) | |||
Model: 「彼氏はそんな事を言うわけがないよ！」 There's no way my boyfriend would have said something like that!
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| わけにはいかない | 1 | 72 | |
| Meaning(s): Must not A, Must A | |||
Model: 「泊まりたいユースホステルは大人気なので予約なしいくわけにはいかない！」 The youth hostel I'd like to stay at is very popular, so I must not go without a reservation.
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| どころではない | 3 | 47 | |
| Meaning(s): It's not the time/condition/situation for A, Far from A (not A) | |||
Model: 「そのショーは失敗どころではなかった。」 The show was far from being a failure.
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| どころか | 4 | 27 | |
| Meaning(s): To say nothing of A, far from A, much less A, let alone A | |||
Model: 「お金がないので映画館に行くどころかバスさえ乗れません。」 I don't have any money, so I can't even ride the bus, let alone go to see a movie.
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| ところを／ところに／ところへ | 1 | 20 | |
| Meaning(s): At time/situation A | |||
Model: 「私はちょうど家を出ようと思っているところへ、小雨が降り始めた。」 I was on the point of leaving home when a light rain started to fall.
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| ものか | 4 | 24 | |
| Meaning(s): Not A! As if A! (A is not true) | |||
Model: 「私はホラーが嫌いだから、あんな映画なんか見るもんか！」 I hate horror movies, so there's no way I'm going to see that kind of film.
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| ものがある | 2 | 14 | |
| Meaning(s): Shows a situation/condition A that draws strong feelings/emotions | |||
Model: 「言葉が理解できない国に住むのは辛い 物がある。」 Living in a country where you don't understand the language is a difficult thing.
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| というものではない | 3 | 12 | |
| Meaning(s): It is no guarantee that A | |||
Model: 「この品物はどこにでもあるというものではない。」 You can't find this article everywhere.
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| というものだ | 2 | 17 | |
| Meaning(s): Shows an especially strong conviction A of the speaker | |||
Model: 「一日に本を読み切れるのは無理と言うものだ。」 It's normally too much to finish a book in one day.
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| たいものだ | 3 | 29 | |
| Meaning(s): Want to A | |||
Model: 「いつかイギリスへ行きたいものだ。」 I'd like to visit England some day.
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| ことだから | 0 | 37 | |
| Meaning(s): Shows a typical trait or characteristic of A | |||
| ことなく | 0 | 43 | |
| Meaning(s): Without doing A once (expressed strongly) | |||
| さ | 5 | 72 | |
| Meaning(s): Changes A into a noun | |||
Model: 「それの高さはいくらですか。」 How expensive is it?
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| がする | 9 | 40 | |
| Meaning(s): Hear A, smell A, taste A | |||
Model: 「そのピアノはよい音がする。」 The piano has a good tone.
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| という~ | 5 | 228 | |
| Meaning(s): B is called A, All A, every A, this (very) A | |||
Model: 「「桜」という曲、聞いた事あるの？」 Have you ever heard the song called "Sakura"?
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| ように言う | 7 | 55 | |
| Meaning(s): Tell someone to do A | |||
Model: 「医者は彼に酒の量を減らすように言った。」 His doctor told him to cut down on drinking.
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| と(思う、言う、考える) | 8 | 109 | |
| Meaning(s): That A | |||
Model: 「私は彼を親友の一人と考えています。」 I think of him as one of my good friends.
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| とか~とか | 1 | 43 | |
| Meaning(s): A, B, etc. | |||
Model: 「パチンコとか競馬とか、そんなデートはいやよ！」 I don't want a date with stuff like pachinko or horse racing!
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| でも | 19 | 219 | |
| Meaning(s): Any A (anywhere, anybody, anytime, etc.), Even A, A or something | |||
Model: 「子供にでもそれはできる。」 Even a child can do it.
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| も | 5 | 287 | |
| Meaning(s): As many/much as A, Also A, A as well, Nothing/no one/nobody (A), (not) Even A | |||
Model: 「きっと彼も同じように思ったでしょう。」 Surely he too felt the same way.
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| までに | 4 | 88 | |
| Meaning(s): By A, by the time A | |||
Model: 「いつまでに必要ですか。」 By when do you need it?
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| まで | 8 | 151 | |
| Meaning(s): Until A, up to A, as far as A, Even A | |||
Model: 「水が腰まで来た。」 The water came up to my waist.
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| の、~こと | 0 | 49 | |
| Meaning(s): Changes A into a noun | |||
| の | 1 | 268 | |
| Meaning(s): Follows A, turning the sentence into a question (casual)., A's B (shows possession), The A one, A directly modifies B, B of A, B who/that is a(n) A, C which/whose A is B. C's A is B | |||
Model: 「ねぇ、パパがお化粧してるよ。本当は女の人なの？」 Mom, dad is putting on some makeup. Is he really a woman ?
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| んだい | 4 | 63 | |
| Meaning(s): Turns sentence A into a question (casual). | |||
Model: 「ねぇ、この小さいビキニ、一体誰が着るんだい？えっ私なの？」 Hey, exactly who is going to put on this tiny bikini ? What?? Me?
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| ことから | 0 | 29 | |
| Meaning(s): Displays reason A for effect B | |||
| ことに | 1 | 35 | |
| Meaning(s): Precedes the reason/cause B for the (strong) feelings/emotions A | |||
Model: 「うれしい事に彼女は試験に合格した。」 To her delight, she passed the exam.
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| ていただく | 6 | 44 | |
| Meaning(s): B does C for A | |||
Model: 「あなたの机を使わせていただけますか。」 Could I use (would you let me use) your desk?
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| てもらう | 7 | 49 | |
| Meaning(s): B does C for A | |||
Model: 「あなたに宿題を手伝ってもらいたかった。」 I wanted you to help me with my homework.
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| Respectful verbs | 1 | 63 | |
| Meaning(s): Respectful form of A | |||
Model: 「さぁ、お召し上がりください。」 Alright, please eat!
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| Humble verbs | 1 | 85 | |
| Meaning(s): Humble form of A, Humble form of する verbs | |||
Model: 「旦那のカードを借りてバッグを買った。」 I borrowed my husband's credit card and bought a bag.
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| ちゃ、~じゃ | 8 | 59 | |
| Meaning(s): ちゃ is a casual form of ては, じゃ is a casual form of では | |||
Model: 「試験勉強をしなくちゃ。」 I have to prepare for the test.
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| でござる／でございます | 3 | 41 | |
| Meaning(s): でござる is the polite form of である. | |||
Model: 「交換台でございます。」 This is the operator.
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| ござる／ございます | 5 | 42 | |
| Meaning(s): ござる is the polite form of ある. | |||
Model: 「お荷物はいくつございますか。」 How many pieces of baggage do you have?
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| かい | 7 | 62 | |
| Meaning(s): Follows A, turning the sentence into a question (casual). | |||
Model: 「本当にできるのかい？」 Can you handle it?
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| を | 10 | 194 | |
| Meaning(s): Over A, across A, along A, A is the direct object of a transitive verb | |||
Model: 「ミルクを飲みなさい！」 Drink the milk!
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| きりだ | 3 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): After A, B continues unchanged | |||
Model: 「二週間前のデートで会って、それっきり彼女は一回も電話を掛けてこない。」 Since our date 2 weeks ago, she has not called me even once.
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| うではないか／うじゃないか | 3 | 26 | |
| Meaning(s): Let's go A; Why don't we A? | |||
Model: 「皆がこの曲を知っているので歌ってみようじゃないか！」 Because everyone knows this piece of music, why don't we try to sing it?!
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| にすぎない | 6 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): Only A; No more than A | |||
Model: 「ひらがなを読めるに過ぎない。」 I can only read hiragana.
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| にほかならない | 4 | 16 | |
| Meaning(s): Only A | |||
Model: 「当たりくじを見つけたのは、幸運他ならない。」 He found the winning ticket with nothing but luck.
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| ざるをえない | 11 | 20 | |
| Meaning(s): Only A is left to do/can be done | |||
Model: 「彼氏は人の悪口を言ってばかりです。一緒にいてとても辛いので彼氏とは別れざるをえない。」 My boyfriend does nothing but badmouth people. Being together is very bitter, so there's nothing left to do but break up with him.
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| きれない | 4 | 31 | |
| Meaning(s): Can't finish/complete A | |||
Model: 「この部屋に５０人は入り切れない。」 This room is too small to contain 50 men.
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| ずにはいられない／ないではいられない | 4 | 29 | |
| Meaning(s): Can't help but A; A is unavoidable | |||
Model: 「時間がないので急がずにはいられない。」 I have to hurry because I have no time.
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| てたまらない | 7 | 22 | |
| Meaning(s): Very A; Extremely A; Really want to do A | |||
Model: 「将来の事が心配でたまらない。」 I am full of anxiety about the future.
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| かねない | 7 | 20 | |
| Meaning(s): There is a fear/chance of A (happening) | |||
Model: 「そのドアに鍵を掛けないと泥棒が入りかねない。」 If you don't lock that door, robbers will easily get in.
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| に違いない | 7 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): Without a doubt, A | |||
Model: 「この急流で泳ぐのは危険に違いない。」 It must be dangerous to swim in this rapid stream.
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| ほかない | 2 | 16 | |
| Meaning(s): There are no other methods except for A | |||
Model: 「その機械の操作方法が分からなかったので、技師に頼むよりほかない。」 I don't understand the workings of this machine, so I guess I'm stuck with asking the engineer for help.
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| てならない | 1 | 17 | |
| Meaning(s): Very A; Extremely A | |||
Model: 「私には父がまだ生きていると思えてならない。」 I can't help thinking Father is still alive.
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| べきだ／べきではない | 4 | 59 | |
| Meaning(s): Should do A; Must do A, Should not do A; Must not do A | |||
Model: 「小学校の先生は親切で元気であるべきだ。」 Elementary school teachers should be kind and energetic.
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| かねる | 5 | 15 | |
| Meaning(s): Can't do A | |||
Model: 「彼の無礼には我慢しかねます。」 I have trouble putting up with his rude manner.
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| がちです／がちになる | 3 | 23 | |
| Meaning(s): A tends to become/happen/occur. | |||
Model: 「あの子は子猫が死んでからというもの、いつも泣きがちだ。」 That kid has been a crybaby ever since the kitten died.
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| だらけだ | 5 | 24 | |
| Meaning(s): Lots/tons of A (negative situation) | |||
Model: 「石鹸だらけの手で私に触らないで。」 Don't touch me with your soapy hands.
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| 恐れがある | 3 | 17 | |
| Meaning(s): There is a chance of A (A is a bad/negative result) | |||
Model: 「そう言うな事故は再発する恐れがある。」 Such an accident is likely to happen again.
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| に決まっている | 4 | 16 | |
| Meaning(s): A is a given; A must be the case. | |||
Model: 「肉を入れ忘れたカレー何て、不味いに決まっている！」 I forgot to add meat to the curry, it's going to taste awful!
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| つつある | 5 | 26 | |
| Meaning(s): In the middle of A; in the process of A | |||
Model: 「コンピューターの使用は急速に増加しつつある。」 The use of electronic computers is growing rapidly.
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| うる／えない | 8 | 28 | |
| Meaning(s): A is possible; A can be done., A is not possible. | |||
Model: 「これらのガスは地球温暖化をもたらし得る。」 These gases can lead to global warming.
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| かける | 0 | 41 | |
| Meaning(s): Do A towards someone., In the middle of A..., A little more A | |||
| ぬく | 3 | 22 | |
| Meaning(s): Do A until the end/last. | |||
Model: 「どんなに緊張してもスピーチはもう始まってしまったので終わるまで頑張りぬくしかない！」 No matter how nervous I am, because the speech has already started, there's no choice but to do my best until it ends!
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| くらいだ／ぐらいだ | 1 | 167 | |
| Meaning(s): So A, to the extent A, A non-exact amount A, Around/about A, At least A | |||
Model: 「あなたには感謝してもし切れ無いくらいだ。」 I cannot thank you enough.
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| がたい | 2 | 34 | |
| Meaning(s): Hard to do A (almost impossible to A) | |||
Model: 「あなたの言う事は信じがたい。」 It is difficult to believe what you say.
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| っこない | 4 | 26 | |
| Meaning(s): A is definitely not possible. | |||
Model: 「徹夜をしてもこの本を明日まで読み切れっこない！」 Even if I pulled an all-nighter, I couldn't finish this book by tomorrow!
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| てしょうがない／てしかたがない | 5 | 14 | |
| Meaning(s): Very A; Really A; Extremely A | |||
Model: 「パーティに出席できなくて悔しくてしょうがない。」 Ah, it's really a shame that I can't make it to the party!
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| さえ／にさえ／でさえ | 2 | 72 | |
| Meaning(s): Even A | |||
Model: 「この問題は、子供でさえ答えられるほど優しい。」 This question is so easy that even a child can answer it.
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| さえ~ば | 5 | 57 | |
| Meaning(s): If only A/B, then C, If only A occurs, then B | |||
Model: 「じゅっぴょう考えさえすればこの問いを理解できるはずだ。」 You should be able to understand this problem if you only think for 10 seconds.
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| からといって | 3 | 18 | |
| Meaning(s): With only A, it is not enough, so B | |||
Model: 「１００時間勉強したからと言って、必ず試験に合格するわけじゃない。」 Even though you studied for 100 hours, there's no guarantee that you'll pass the exam.
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| からいって | 0 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): If you think about/consider A | |||
| てからでないと | 3 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): Until A is done, B doesn't occur/can't be done. | |||
Model: 「サイトの条件に承知してからでないと、入れません。」 You cannot enter the site until after you agree to the conditions.
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| から見れば | 1 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): If you think from the standpoint of A | |||
Model: 「生徒から見ればこの宿題はちょっと厳しいと思う。」 If you look at it from the students point of view, I think this homework is a a little much.
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| からして | 4 | 48 | |
| Meaning(s): From the (single) example A, you can tell B | |||
Model: 「講師の紹介からして、つまらなさそうです。」 Judging from the lecturer's introduction, it seems boring.
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| からすると | 2 | 30 | |
| Meaning(s): Considering A...; Thinking about A... | |||
Model: 「あの二人の態度からすると先程喧嘩をしたみたいだ。」 Judging from the behavior of those two, they probably fought some time ago.
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| からには | 4 | 18 | |
| Meaning(s): Now that A, since A (has been done), so long as A | |||
Model: 「来月からA会社で働くからには、今月末まで今の仕事を辞めないといけない。」 Because I will work at company A starting next month, I have to quit my current job by the end of this month.
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| ようがない／ようもない | 4 | 21 | |
| Meaning(s): There is no method/way to do A | |||
Model: 「アイスは箸で食べようがない。」 There is no way to eat ice cream with chopsticks.
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| 上で | 4 | 42 | |
| Meaning(s): First A (is done, often in preparation), then B, Indicates an important purpose/goal A | |||
Model: 「朝食を食べて歯磨いた上で、学校へ行く。」 After I eat breakfast and brush my teeth, I go to school.
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| 上は | 3 | 16 | |
| Meaning(s): Because of A, B can't be helped/is expected. | |||
Model: 「大学の試験を受けると決めた上には、受験勉強を頑張らなければなりません。」 I decided to take the university entrance exam, and so, I have to study hard for it.
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| 上に | 4 | 25 | |
| Meaning(s): Not only A, but B as well | |||
Model: 「あの映画館は狭い上に、画面も小さい。」 Not only is the movie theatre cramped, but also the screen is small.
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| しか~ない | 7 | 174 | |
| Meaning(s): Only A, no more than A, There's only A; Only A can be done; Only A (of many methods) | |||
Model: 「彼女に騙されてしまったので別れるしかないです。」 I was deceived by her, so there is nothing to do but go our separate ways.
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| とは限らない | 4 | 40 | |
| Meaning(s): A is not 100%; there are exceptions | |||
Model: 「おいしそうに見える食べ物が必ずしもおいしいとは限らない。」 Delicious looking food doesn't necessarily taste good.
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| に限る | 2 | 22 | |
| Meaning(s): A is the best (action) | |||
Model: 「ハイキングは秋に限る。」 Autumn is the best season for going on hikes.
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| に限らず | 2 | 20 | |
| Meaning(s): Not only A, but B also | |||
Model: 「この番組は、子供に限らず、大人にも人気がある。」 This TV show is popular not just with kids but with adults as well.
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| に限って／に限り | 5 | 35 | |
| Meaning(s): Only A (A is a special condition) | |||
Model: 「この魚は本日に限り、一匹五十円だ。」 These fish are 50 yen each, but only for today.
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| か~ないかのうちに | 3 | 28 | |
| Meaning(s): Right after A, C | |||
Model: 「その一行が出発するかしないかの内に、雨が降り出した。」 The party had hardly left when it began to rain.
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| かといえば | 0 | 13 | |
| Meaning(s): Although A is expected, B results. | |||
| かと思ったら／かと思うと | 2 | 27 | |
| Meaning(s): Athough A, B., As soon as I noticed A, B, almost immediately after A, B | |||
Model: 「三週間一緒に過ごしたけど、彼女は海外から着いたかと思ったら帰ってしまった感じがした。」 We spent three weeks together, but it felt like she had just arrived from overseas when she left.
|
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| かのようだ | 3 | 44 | |
| Meaning(s): It's as if A | |||
Model: 「雨が止んでから空が微笑むかのように虹が現われた。」 After the rain stopped, a rainbow appeared, like the sky was smiling.
|
|||
| 上 | 0 | 15 | |
| Meaning(s): From the standpoint of A | |||
| ように | 7 | 81 | |
| Meaning(s): In the hopes that A, in order for A, Please do/don't A, As was written/said/etc. in A | |||
Model: 「この花瓶を割らないように注意してください。」 Please take care not to break this vase.
|
|||
| 事ができる | 11 | 83 | |
| Meaning(s): Be able to A; can do A, Can A; be possible to A; (possibility of the subject to do A) | |||
Model: 「「乗り放題」という切符を買ったら、何回でも電車に乗る事ができる。」 If you buy an "All-you-can-ride" ticket, it's possible to ride the train as many times as you'd like.
|
|||
| ところ | 25 | 191 | |
| Meaning(s): About to start A, Be now A...ing (be in the middle of doing A), Just finished A; Have been A...ing, After A is done, the results of A are B | |||
Model: 「わたしたちが訪ねた時、彼は兄さんに英語を教えてもらっているところであった。」 He was being taught English by his brother when we called on him.
|
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| かどうか | 9 | 51 | |
| Meaning(s): Whether or not A | |||
Model: 「あの子供は顔を見ても、男かどうか全然分からない。」 Even if I look at that child's face, I don't know if the child is a boy or not.
|
|||
| か | 24 | 399 | |
| Meaning(s): A is a question within the sentence, Some A, Any A (somebody, somewhere, sometime, somehow, etc.), Forms the question form of the sentence A, A or B | |||
Model: 「私は京都か大阪に旅行に行きたい。」 I want to travel to Kyoto or Osaka.
|
|||
| そうだ | 10 | 126 | |
| Meaning(s): A is spoken by/heard from someone/something else, It looks A; it seems like A | |||
Model: 「外は雨が降りそうだから傘を持っていってね。」 It looks like it will rain outside, so take an umbrella.
|
|||
| んですが | 8 | 48 | |
| Meaning(s): Introduces a request, invitation, or asking for permission | |||
Model: 「この自動販売機、動かないんですが。」 This vending machine isn't working.
|
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| んです | 4 | 60 | |
| Meaning(s): The reason/explanation is A | |||
Model: 「君の気持ちは受け取りました。でも私結婚してるんです。」 I've gotten (understand) your feelings, but I'm married.
|
|||
| ことがある | 6 | 62 | |
| Meaning(s): There are times when A (occurs/exists) | |||
Model: 「その二人は仲がとてもよいが、大喧嘩することがある。」 Those two get along very well, but there are also times where they have a big fight.
|
|||
| た方がいい | 9 | 58 | |
| Meaning(s): It would be better to A | |||
Model: 「もう一度考えた方がいいです。」 It would be better to think it over.
|
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| ない方がよい | 7 | 53 | |
| Meaning(s): It would be better to not A | |||
Model: 「彼女は今怒っているので話さない方がいい。」 She's angry right now, so it's better to not speak to her.
|
|||
| ずに | 8 | 103 | |
| Meaning(s): Without A..ing | |||
Model: 「ノックをせずに私の部屋に入ってくるな。」 Don't come into my room without knocking.
|
|||
| すぎる | 13 | 96 | |
| Meaning(s): A is done too much, Too much A; A is excessive | |||
Model: 「昨日は食べ過ぎてお腹が痛くなりました。」 Yesterday I ate too much so my stomach hurt.
|
|||
| がっている | 11 | 111 | |
| Meaning(s): Wants to A, Shows signs of state/condition A, Don't be A (afraid, shy, etc.) | |||
Model: 「ずっとパパの車に乗りたがってたのよね。今日は幼稚園まで車で送ってってよ。」 She's always wanted to ride in her father's car. She asked for you to take her to kindergarten today.
|
|||
| にいく | 7 | 105 | |
| Meaning(s): Go (somewhere) in order to A | |||
Model: 「私の町は店が殆どないのでよく東京へ買い物をしに行きます。」 There are hardly any stores in my town, so I often go to Tokyo to shop.
|
|||
| Potential | 12 | 105 | |
| Meaning(s): Can A; be able to A (ability of the subject), Can A; be possible to A; (possibility of the subject to do A) | |||
Model: 「そのボタンを押したらロボットを動かせるよ。」 If you push this button, you can make the robot move.
|
|||
| Causative Passive | 2 | 54 | |
| Meaning(s): Be made to do A | |||
Model: 「給食の時、生徒は先生に野菜を全部食べさせられました。」 During school lunch, the students were forced by the teacher to eat all of the vegetables.
|
|||
| Causative | 11 | 121 | |
| Meaning(s): Make (somebody) A; this is coercive or forced onto the object of the sentence., Allow (somebody) to A; this is permission from the subject to the object., Make (somebody) A; because of the subject, the object is caused to A | |||
Model: 「だいきは一週間家に帰らなかったので、両親をとても心配させました。」 Daiki hasn't come back home in a week, so his parents are really worried.
|
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| Passive | 22 | 210 | |
| Meaning(s): Be A-ed; when the action is directed at the subject. , Be A-ed; when something negative/troubling is directed at the subject., Be A-ed; when the person/thing doing the action does not need to be mentioned in the sentence., Be A-ed; when someone/something else does something undesirable. | |||
Model: 「外で遊んでいる最中、雨に降られた！」 While I was playing outside it started to rain!
|
|||
| ようだ | 9 | 66 | |
| Meaning(s): Looks as if A | |||
Model: 「彼は少し疲れているようだ。」 He looks a bit tired.
|
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| ばかり | 20 | 169 | |
| Meaning(s): Do only A, do nothing but A, A just finished/ended/occured., Shows a continual/continuing negative change A | |||
Model: 「ゆうこちゃんは笑ってばかりだね。泣いた所を一回も見た事がない。」 Yuuko is always smiling. I haven't seen her crying a single time.
|
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| あとで | 8 | 368 | |
| Meaning(s): After A | |||
Model: 「朝御飯を食べ終わった後でお風呂に入りました。」 I took a bath after I finished eating breakfast.
|
|||
| 前に | 12 | 388 | |
| Meaning(s): Before A (occurs/happens), B | |||
Model: 「運動し始める前にストレッチをして下さい。」 Please stretch before you begin to work out.
|
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| にかえる | 10 | 117 | |
| Meaning(s): Return (home) in order to A, Return to A | |||
Model: 「冬休み中、実家へ家族に会いにかえる大学生は多い。」 There are a lot of college students who return home during winter holiday to see their families.
|
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| にくる | 6 | 91 | |
| Meaning(s): Come (here) in order to A | |||
Model: 「君は手伝いにきてくれたの？ありがとう、助かりました！」 You came to help me? Thanks a lot!
|
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| なくてもいい | 10 | 71 | |
| Meaning(s): Don't have to A | |||
Model: 「そんなに緊張しなくてもいいですよ。」 There's no need to be that tense.
|
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| なくてはいけない | 6 | 61 | |
| Meaning(s): Must do A; have to A | |||
Model: 「だけど、明日は御客さんとも会わなくちゃいけないし・・・。」 But I have an appointment with my client tomorrow.
|
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| なる | 12 | 219 | |
| Meaning(s): To become A | |||
Model: 「彼女はお酒を飲み過ぎると、顔が真っ赤になる。」 When she drinks too much alcohol, her face turns completely red.
|
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| ほど~ない | 6 | 83 | |
| Meaning(s): A is not as C as B | |||
| より | 7 | 127 | |
| Meaning(s): A is C-er than B; A is more C than B (comparison)., A is not as C as B | |||
Model: 「ピカチュはあなたより頭がいいみたいだなぁ。」 It seems like Pikachu is smarter than you.
|
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| おわる | 6 | 55 | |
| Meaning(s): To finish A; A ends | |||
Model: 「あさごはんを食べおわった後でお風呂に入りました。」 I took a bath after I finished eating breakfast.
|
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| つづける | 6 | 55 | |
| Meaning(s): A continues; To continue to A | |||
Model: 「そのように勉強し続けたらすぐ上手になるでしょう？」 If you continue to study like that, soon you'll get really good, right?
|
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| だす | 5 | 72 | |
| Meaning(s): A (suddenly) begins, To A out | |||
Model: 「きのう授業の後に雨が降りだしました。」 Yesterday it started to rain after class finished.
|
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| はじめる | 9 | 69 | |
| Meaning(s): To begin to A; A begins | |||
Model: 「ばんごはんを食べた後、テレビを見始めました。」 After I ate dinner I began to watch TV.
|
|||
| ながら | 7 | 270 | |
| Meaning(s): While A, B | |||
Model: 「すごい！田中さんは歌いながらジャンプをしています！」 Wow! Mr. Tanaka is jumping while he sings.
|
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| たい | 8 | 336 | |
| Meaning(s): Want to A | |||
Model: 「有名人の中で、誰と会いたい？」 Which famous person do you want to meet?
|
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| やすい | 8 | 102 | |
| Meaning(s): A is easy to do | |||
Model: 「日本人はいつでも、箸の方が食べやすいです。」 For Japanese people, it's always easier to use chopsticks when they eat.
|
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| にくい | 9 | 79 | |
| Meaning(s): A is hard/difficult to do | |||
Model: 「あなたの質問は答えにくい。」 Your question is hard to answer.
|
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| てから | 7 | 320 | |
| Meaning(s): After doing A | |||
Model: 「肉を焼いてから、そこにある麺とを混ぜてね。」 After you grill the meat, please mix it over there with the noodles.
|
|||
| ている | 28 | 582 | |
| Meaning(s): Describes a state after the action A takes place., A-ing (Progressive tense), A is the subject's customary actions. | |||
Model: 「家族はこちらに向かっています。」 The family is heading this way.
|
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| なければならない | 12 | 73 | |
| Meaning(s): Must do A; have to A | |||
Model: 「明日試験があるから徹夜で勉強しなければならない」 There's a test tomorrow, so I need to stay up all night and study.
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| まま | 9 | 83 | |
| Meaning(s): The situation A remains unchanged | |||
Model: 「あなたはその事を言わないままにして置く方が良い。」 It would be better if that remains unsaid.
|
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| たことがある | 9 | 82 | |
| Meaning(s): Have done A before | |||
Model: 「あなたはここに来る前に雪を見たことがありましたか。」 Have you ever you seen snow before you came here?
|
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| たりたりする | 11 | 199 | |
| Meaning(s): Do things like A and B; states/conditions like A and B | |||
Model: 「あの子はすぐ怒ったり、泣いたりする。」 That child is quick to anger, and to tears.
|
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| ておく | 17 | 89 | |
| Meaning(s): To do A in advance, do A as preparation for something else, To leave as is in the state A | |||
Model: 「あなたの名前と住所を書き留めておきましょう。」 I will write down your name and address.
|
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| てしまう | 20 | 178 | |
| Meaning(s): To finish/complete A, To finish A, A is finished, A occurs (shows embarrassment / regret / disappointment over the action A), To put away A | |||
Model: 「作文は書いてしまいましたか。」 Have you finished writing your composition?
|
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| てみる | 8 | 65 | |
| Meaning(s): Try to A | |||
Model: 「あのシャツを着て見なさい。」 Try on that shirt.
|
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| てもかまわない | 13 | 90 | |
| Meaning(s): It doesn't matter if A is done, Doesn't matter if A (isn't done); don't mind if A (isn't done) | |||
Model: 「彼が賛成してもしなくても構わない。」 It doesn't matter whether he agrees or not.
|
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| てもいい | 9 | 94 | |
| Meaning(s): It is alright to A; the subject may A; it's alright if A (condition) | |||
Model: 「そう心配しなくてもいいよ。」 You don't have to worry so much.
|
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| てある | 8 | 169 | |
| Meaning(s): Describes a state after the action A takes place. | |||
Model: 「葉書に住所が書いてあるので、忘れないようにメモしておいて。」 The address is written on the postcard, so please make a note of it so you don't forget it.
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| かた | 8 | 105 | |
| Meaning(s): How to A | |||
Model: 「日本の漫画の読み方は右から左だ。」 The way to read a Japanese comic is from right to left.
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| に | 15 | 628 | |
| Meaning(s): In A, on A, at A, To A, towards A, on A, At A (time), Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action, To change into A, Every period of time A, B; Per A, B, A and B (as a set), Going/coming/returning to do A | |||
Model: 「私の部屋に可愛い猫がいます。」 There is a cute cat in my room.
|
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| はずだ | 7 | 107 | |
| Meaning(s): It should be A, it ought to be A | |||
Model: 「彼女は宿題を終えてしまったはずだ。」 She ought to have finished her homework.
|
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| ようだ | 1 | 94 | |
| Meaning(s): It seems/looks like A, As A, Like A | |||
Model: 「初めて見た時、ウニはたわしのようだったし、ナマコはうんこのようだった。」 The first time I saw them, the urchins looked like a scrubbing brush, and the sea cucumbers looked like poop.
|
|||
| らしい | 9 | 150 | |
| Meaning(s): I heard that A, it seems like A, it appears that A, Just like A, typical of A | |||
Model: 「自分の事を考える前に人の事を考えるのはまさに彼女らしい。」 It is just like her to think of other before thinking of herself.
|
|||
| かもしれない | 6 | 86 | |
| Meaning(s): Might A, maybe A, perhaps A | |||
Model: 「それは本当かもしれない。」 It may be true.
|
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| だろうと思う | 5 | 79 | |
| Meaning(s): I think probably A | |||
Model: 「明日は雨が降るだろうと思う。」 I am afraid it will rain tomorrow.
|
|||
| だろう | 5 | 91 | |
| Meaning(s): Probably A | |||
Model: 「彼は多分失敗するだろう。」 Probably he will fail.
|
|||
| ことにする | 9 | 112 | |
| Meaning(s): Decide to A, To make a rule/habit of A | |||
Model: 「私は６時に起きることにしている。」 I make it a rule to get up at six.
|
|||
| つもりだ | 6 | 124 | |
| Meaning(s): Plan to A, be going to A, intend to do A, Supposed to be A; intended to be A, assumed to be A | |||
Model: 「これはほんの冗談のつもりだった。」 This was meant as a joke.
|
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| ようにする | 8 | 81 | |
| Meaning(s): Try to A, make sure to A | |||
Model: 「ねぇ、なるべく早く帰るようにするから、御飯食べないで待っててよ。」 Hey, I'm going to try and get home as soon as possible, so don't eat and wait for me.
|
|||
| ようとする | 5 | 66 | |
| Meaning(s): Be about to A, (about to) try to A | |||
Model: 「ジェーンはまさに家から出ようとしていた。」 Jane was about to leave the house.
|
|||
| はずがない | 7 | 91 | |
| Meaning(s): Cannot be A, should not be A (when describing a situation, not the actions of the subject) | |||
Model: 「彼はそれを見たはずがない。」 He cannot have seen it.
|
|||
| から | 9 | 229 | |
| Meaning(s): Because A, From A | |||
Model: 「彼は、成功したベンチャービジネスの社長だから、すごい金持ちに違い無い。」 He must be super rich because he runs a successful venture business company.
|
|||
| ので | 6 | 81 | |
| Meaning(s): Because A, since A | |||
Model: 「父は母と会話をしたくないので、休日はいつもゴルフしに行きます。」 My dad always goes to play golf on his days off because he doesn't want to speak to my mother.
|
|||
| で | 14 | 608 | |
| Meaning(s): At A, in A, For A, in A (shows a length or amount of time), Do B by using the object A, Do B by means of A, Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of, Because of A, Due to A, Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns | |||
Model: 「近所のスーパーで懐かしい友達に会いました。」 I met a dear friend of mine at a supermarket nearby.
|
|||
| Conditional Form | 6 | 130 | |
| Meaning(s): If A | |||
Model: 「外国人が日本で運転したければ国際免許が必要だ。」 If foreigners want to drive in Japan, an international driver's license is needed.
|
|||
| と | 11 | 267 | |
| Meaning(s): When/if A,then B, A and B (and C,etc..), With A, to A, Shows a sequence of two events A and B | |||
Model: 「このキノコ、食べると笑いが止まらなくなるんだって。」 They say that if you eat this mushroom, you won't be able to stop laughing.
|
|||
| たら | 10 | 245 | |
| Meaning(s): If A, When A, after A (then B), When A. then B, How about A, why don't you A | |||
Model: 「その仕事に応募したらどうだい。」 Why don't you apply for that job?
|
|||
| なら | 8 | 131 | |
| Meaning(s): If A is the case/situation, As for A | |||
Model: 「彼ならいつでも力になってくれるよ。」 He'll always come through.
|
|||
| ても、~でも | 5 | 103 | |
| Meaning(s): Even if A | |||
Model: 「例え土砂降りでも行かなければならない。」 I have to go even if it rains cats and dogs.
|
|||
| のに | 4 | 91 | |
| Meaning(s): Even though A, in spite of A, In order to A; in the process of doing A | |||
Model: 「婚約しているのにキスを拒否された。」 Even though we're engaged she wouldn't let me kiss her.
|
|||
| ため(に) | 8 | 125 | |
| Meaning(s): Because of A, due to A, For the purpose of A, in order to A | |||
Model: 「あなたを愛するために私は生まれた。」 I was born to love you.
|
|||
| し(~し) | 2 | 70 | |
| Meaning(s): A and ... (used to list reasons, with each reason followed by し) | |||
Model: 「早いし、安いし、うまい！それはどこの牛丼ですか？」 It was made quickly and is cheap and yummy. Where is this gyudon from?
|
|||
| て、~で | 5 | 319 | |
| Meaning(s): Since A; As A, A, then B, A and B | |||
Model: 「先週、腐った牛乳を飲んで、お腹を壊しました。」 Since I drank sour milk I had diarrhea last week.
|
|||
| ようと思う | 4 | 66 | |
| Meaning(s): I think I will A | |||
Model: 「外国に行こうと思っている。」 I'm thinking I'll go abroad.
|
|||
| Volitional | 1 | 63 | |
| Meaning(s): Let's A | |||
Model: 「お母さんは５年前に「いつか旅行に行こう」と言ったのに、まだどこにも行ってない！」 Even though Mom said "Let's go on a vacation," 5 years ago, we still haven't gone anywhere!
|
|||
| てくださる | 5 | 46 | |
| Meaning(s): A does C for B; (B is you, your friends, your family, etc.) | |||
Model: 「女王様が私を思いっ切り踏み付けてくださいました。」 The queen really walked over me with her shoes.
|
|||
| てくれる | 1 | 67 | |
| Meaning(s): A does C for B; (B is you, your friends, your family, etc.) | |||
Model: 「先生なのに私の質問に答えてくれなかった。」 Even though she is the teacher, she didn't answer my question.
|
|||
| いただく | 5 | 59 | |
| Meaning(s): A receives C from B; the giver is of a higher rank than the recipient. | |||
Model: 「お水をいただけますか。」 Could I get some water, please?
|
|||
| もらう | 1 | 64 | |
| Meaning(s): A receives C from B; the giver is of the same/lower rank of the recipient. | |||
Model: 「ばあちゃんの形見に、入れ歯をもらった。」 I got some false teeth that were left by my grandmother as a memento.
|
|||
| やる | 2 | 62 | |
| Meaning(s): Give B to A (A is an animal, plant, or someone below you in ranking) | |||
Model: 「今日と明日は畑に肥料をやらなきゃなぁ。」 Today and tomorrow I have to fertilize the field.
|
|||
| さしあげる | 5 | 51 | |
| Meaning(s): Give B to A (A is a third party, not yourself) | |||
Model: 「飲み物をさしあげましょうか。」 May I offer you a drink?
|
|||
| くださる | 1 | 56 | |
| Meaning(s): Give B to A (A is you, your friends, your family, etc.) | |||
Model: 「校長先生はお土産をくださいました。」 The principal gave me a souvenir.
|
|||
| あげる | 5 | 73 | |
| Meaning(s): Give B to A (A is a third party, not yourself) | |||
Model: 「あなたは、だれでも欲しい人にこの写真をあげてもいい。」 You may give this picture to whoever wants it.
|
|||
| くれる | 5 | 81 | |
| Meaning(s): Give B to A (A is you, your friends, your family, etc.) | |||
Model: 「御願いだ！俺にチャンスをくれ。」 Come on! Give me a chance.
|
|||
| 聞こえる | 4 | 45 | |
| Meaning(s): Can be heard; is audible | |||
Model: 「あなたが言った事が聞こえなかったよ。」 I didn't hear what you said.
|
|||
| てさしあげる | 1 | 42 | |
| Meaning(s): Do B for someone (above you) | |||
Model: 「もしよかったら、手伝ってさしあげませんか？」 If it's all right, can I help you?
|
|||
| てあげる | 6 | 53 | |
| Meaning(s): Do B for someone | |||
Model: 「ダイエット？じゃ、僕が君の分を代わりに食べてあげる。」 You are on a diet? Then I'll eat your portion for you!
|
|||
| てやる | 5 | 48 | |
| Meaning(s): Do B for someone (below you) | |||
Model: 「いい事を教えてやる。」 I'll tell you a secret.
|
|||
| ていく | 1 | 69 | |
| Meaning(s): To get to A, To go on A..ing | |||
Model: 「しゅじゅつが終わったので、これから痛みが消えていくよ。」 The surgery is finished, so the pain will begin to disappear.
|
|||
| てくる | 1 | 67 | |
| Meaning(s): To come to A, To continue A..ing, to have become A | |||
Model: 「がっこうで習う漢字は前より難しくなってきている」 The kanji I learn at school have gotten more difficult than before.
|
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| ことになる | 3 | 99 | |
| Meaning(s): To decide that A, Shows a natural/logical conclusion A | |||
Model: 「昨日の会議で、パーティが２１日に行われることになりました。」 It was decided at the meeting yesterday to have the party on the 21st.
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| ようになる／なくなる | 7 | 119 | |
| Meaning(s): Come to A (transition over time), Come to be unable to A | |||
Model: 「漢字が上手に書けるようになって、うれしかった。」 I was delighted to have learned to write kanji skillfully.
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| とと、どちらが~ | 6 | 55 | |
| Meaning(s): Which is more C, A or B | |||
Model: 「これとあれとでは、どちらが安いのですか。」 Which is cheaper, this or that?
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| より~の方が~ | 4 | 67 | |
| Meaning(s): B is more C than A | |||
Model: 「この自転車よりそのバイクの方がかっこいい！」 That motorbike is cooler than this bicycle.
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| てはいけない | 6 | 50 | |
| Meaning(s): May not A, must not A | |||
Model: 「御父さんに逆らってはいけない。」 Don't go against your father.
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| Prohibitive | 7 | 52 | |
| Meaning(s): Don't A | |||
Model: 「ここでは走るな。」 Don't run here.
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| なさい | 1 | 53 | |
| Meaning(s): Do A (instruction) | |||
Model: 「出かける前に部屋の掃除をしなさい。」 Please clean your room before you head out.
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| Imperative | 1 | 47 | |
| Meaning(s): Do A (command) | |||
Model: 「早く食え！そして、さっさと学校に行け！」 Hurry up, eat, then quickly head off to school!
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| 見える | 4 | 50 | |
| Meaning(s): Can be seen; is visible | |||
Model: 「何も見えないので電気をつけてください。」 I can't see anything so please turn on the lights.
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