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掲示板 Forums - "This way/which way/which one" words

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地取り
Level: 377

Can someone explain what is the difference between こちら、どちら、こち、どれ、どこ、どの、どっち、こっち... and all the similars? I am very confused.

1
9 months ago
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1623

We usually call these こそあど words. The first mora establishes position relative to the speaker. The rest of the word shows what kind of thing the speaker is talking about.

Wiktionary has a useful table under the article for 何方, which I will try to replicate here.

Japanese demonstratives

ko-
“this”
(close to speaker)		so-
“that”
(close to listener)		a-
“that over there”
(far from both)		do-
“which”
(indeterminate, question)
Objectこれ(kore)それ(sore)あれ(are)どれ (dore)
これら(korera)それら(sorera)あれら(arera)—
Determinerこの(kono)その(sono)あの(ano)どの (dono)
これらの(korera no)それらの(sorera no)あれらの(arera no)—
Kindこんな(konna)そんな(sonna)あんな(anna)どんな(donna)
こういう(kō iu)そういう(sō iu)ああいう(ā iu)どういう (dō iu)
Placeここ(koko)そこ(soko)あそこ(asoko)*どこ (doko)
こっから(kokkara)そっから(sokkara)—どっから(dokkara)
Direction / Humanこちら(kochira)そちら(sochira)あちら(achira)どちら(dochira)
こなた(konata)そなた(sonata)あなた(anata)どなた(donata)
Directionこっち(kotchi)そっち(sotchi)あっち(atchi)どっち(dotchi)
Humanこいつ(koitsu)†そいつ(soitsu)†あいつ(aitsu)†どいつ(doitsu)†
Mannerこう (kō)そう (sō)ああ (ā)**どう (dō)
Degreeこれくらい (kore kurai)それくらい (sore kurai)あれくらい (are kurai)どれくらい(dore kurai)
これだけ(kore dake)それだけ(sore dake)あれだけ(are dake)どれだけ(dore dake)
これほど(kore hodo)それほど(sore hodo)あれほど(are hodo)どれほど(dore hodo)
* irregular
** regular (long vowel)
† potentially rude or derogatory

The kanji 此 (ko), 其 (so), 彼 (a), and 何 (do) can be used for determiners, but they are almost always spelled in hiragana.


4
9 months ago
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地取り
Level: 377

Thanks man. This helped a lot.

1
9 months ago
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