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Genki II (3rd Edition) > Lesson 18

Made by 雪・にゃー

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を 
1. A is the direct object of a transitive verb
ミ ル ク を 飲 み な さ い ! 
Drink the milk!
Discussion & Notes (1)
が 
1. Marks the subject A in the sentence
済 み ま せ ん 、 私 が お 皿 を 割 り ま し た 。 
I'm sorry; I broke the plate.
Discussion & Notes (3)
て 居いる 
1. A-ing (Progressive tense)
家 族 は 此方 に 向 か っ て 居 ま す 。 
The family is heading this way.
Discussion & Notes (2)
て 居いる 
1. Describes a state after the action A takes place.
彼 女 は 子 供 が 生 ま れ て 喜 ん で 居 ま す 。 
She is delighted to have had a child.
Discussion & Notes (3)
てしまう
1. To finish/complete A
作 文 は 書 い て 仕 舞 い ま し た か 。 
Have you finished writing your composition?
Discussion & Notes (2)
てしまう
1. A occurs (shows embarrassment / regret / disappointment over the action A)
2日 後 に 食 べ 物 が 無 く な っ て 仕 舞 っ た 。 
After two days our food ran out.
Discussion & Notes (1)
と 
1. When/if A, then B
Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
此 の キ ノ コ 、 食 べ る と 笑 い が 止 ま ら な く 成 る 乃 だ っ て 。 
They say that if you eat this mushroom, you won't be able to stop laughing.
Discussion & Notes (5)
と 
1. Shows a sequence of two events A and B
These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
少 し 走 る と 息 が 切 れ た 。 
I ran a bit and I ran out of breath.
Discussion & Notes (3)
乍ながら 
1. While A, B
Both actions A and B are occuring at the same time. Emphasis is placed on the second action (B) in the sentence.
凄 い ! 田 中 さ ん は ジ ャ ン プ を 為 な が ら 歌 い ま す ! 
Wow! Mr. Tanaka is jumping while he sings.
Discussion & Notes (3)
ば 良よか っ た 
1. It would have been better if A (was done)
Shows regret over not doing A. Changes to 'would have been better if A wasn't done' if A is in a negative potential form (なくてよかった)
彼 の ゲ ー ム 、 買 っ て お け ば 良 か っ た 。 
I should have bought that game.
Discussion & Notes (1)
おかげで 
1. Because of A, (positive result) B; Thanks to A, B
毎 日 運 動 す る お 陰 で 凄 く 高 く 跳 べ ま す 。 
Because I exercise everyday, I can jump amazingly high.
Discussion & Notes (2)
迄までに 
1. By A; by the time A
何時 ま で に 必 要 で す か 。 
By when do you need it?
Discussion & Notes (1)
だ ろ う 
1. Probably A; I think A; it seems A; I wonder A
彼 は 多 分 失 敗 為 る だ ろ う 。 
He probably will fail, right?
Discussion & Notes (2)
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