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Genki I (3rd Edition) > Lesson 12

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なくてはいけない
1. Must do A; have to A
だ け ど 、 明日 は お 客 さ ん と も 会 わ な く ち ゃ 行 け な い し ・・・ 。 
But I have an appointment with my client tomorrow.
Discussion & Notes (2)
ない方がいい
1. It would be better to not A
彼 女 は 今 怒 っ て 居 る の で 話 さ な い 方 が い い 。 
She's angry right now, so it's better to not speak to her.
Discussion & Notes (0)
た方がいい
1. It would be better to A
もう 一 度 考 え た 方 が い い で す 。 
It would be better to think it over.
Discussion & Notes (2)
んです
1. The reason/explanation is A
The reason/explanation may not be in the same sentence, so it can also be seen as a way to emphasize the content. の is more common in written, while ん is common in spoken Japanese.
君 の 気 持 ち は 受 け 取 り ま し た 。 で も 私 結 婚 し て る ん で す 。 
I've gotten (understand) your feelings, but I'm married.
Discussion & Notes (3)
すぎる
1. A is done too much
昨日 は 食 べ す ぎ て お 腹 が 痛 く 成 り ま し た 。 
Yesterday I ate too much so my stomach hurt.
Discussion & Notes (1)
すぎる
1. Too much A; A is excessive
此 の 咖哩 は 辛 すぎて 食 べ ら れ な い ！ 
This curry is too spicy; I can't eat it!
Discussion & Notes (2)
ので
1. Because A; since A
Cannot be used to show personal opinions or invitations. It cannot be used with commands, requests when the reason given is subjective (the speaker's feelings or opinion.)
父 は 母 と 会 話 を 為 た く な い の で 、 休 日 は 何時 も ゴ ル フ 為 に 行 き ま す 。 
My dad always goes to play golf on his days off because he doesn't want to speak to my mother.
Discussion & Notes (5)
だけ
1. As much as A can be done; as much as one wants/likes A
此 の 本 は 出 来 る だ け 早 く 返 し て ね 。 
Return this book as soon as you can.
Discussion & Notes (1)
でしょう
1. I think A; Probably A
多 分 彼 ら は 車 で 来 る で し ょ う 。 
Probably they will come by car.
Discussion & Notes (2)
でしょう/でしょ
1. Don't you think A?; A, right?
This is the meaning when read as a question (with a rising inflection on the end). Asks for confirmation from the listener about A.
彼 女 の 演 奏 、 素 晴 ら し い で し ょ う ？ 
Her performance was wonderful, don't you think?
Discussion & Notes (2)
は初めてです
1. A is the subject's first (time to do something)
日 本 に 来 た の は 初 め て で す か 。 
Is this your first time in Japan?
Discussion & Notes (1)
ないと, なくちゃ
1. Must do A
These are shortened forms of ないといけない and なくてはならない.
結 婚 す る な ら 、 山 田 さ ん 、 禁 煙 為 な い と だ ね 。 
If you're going to get married, Mr. Yamada, you'll have to stop smoking.
Discussion & Notes (1)
それに
1. A. Furthermore, B
片 付 け は 苦 手 。 其 れ に 全 部 大 事 な 物 な の 。 
I'm not good at tidying up. Besides, these are all important things.
Discussion & Notes (0)
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