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An Introduction to Modern Japanese > Word List 1
A study plan based around An Introduction to Modern Japanese by Richard Bowring and Haruko Uryuu Laurie.
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Kunyomi: ふで
Onyomi: ヒツ
Stroke count: 12
Radical name: たけかんむり
Radical
writing brush, writing, painting brush, handwriting
Mnemonics
A writing
brush
made of
bamboo
.
Written by: Karlla
Show all mnemonics (9)
I'm using a
bamboo
brush
to paint pictures of food {ふで}. After I finish painting, the food's cold, so my husband re-HEATS {ヒツ} it.
The
bamboo
writing
brush
*hits* - ヒツ - the canvas with a "fhud" - ふで - sound
Written by: [ない?]
ひっ
しゃ WRITER either uses a traditional
ふで
BRUSH
made out
BAMBOO
, or regular えん
ぴつ
to take NOTES
ひっ
き.
Written by: Abnormalise
A
bamboo
brush
is made for writing.
Written by: コエル
He always hits ヒツ me with his
bamboo
writing
brush
and the paint always falls on my food ふで
Written by: ケンパチ
I am using my
bamboo
writing brush to
write
one
story
Written by: ポポスくべ
Phono-semantic Ideogram: Phonetic
“ヒツ” “writing brush with hand”
“bamboo”.

The
writing
brush
itself was made of
bamboo
Written by: フバフバ
Is that what you call a
brush
? But it's so small! There's no way you can clean our family
bamboo
tree with it effectively! Wait, it's a writing brush?
'K,'K
, sorry, my bad.
Written by: Bz
The
bamboo
calligraphy
brush
ヒツ {heats} up quickly when writing.
Written by: TestAcc1
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ ふで - (noun) writing brush, paintbrush, pen; writing with a brush, drawing with a brush, penmanship, something drawn with a brush; writing (composing text), the written word
/ ひらふで - (noun) flat brush
/ まんねんひつ - (noun) fountain pen
/ ずいひつ - (noun) essays, miscellaneous writings, literary jottings
/ えんぴつ - (noun) pencil
Kunyomi: はな
Onyomi:
Stroke count: 7
Radical name: くさかんむり
Radical
flower
Mnemonics
I thought it was
grass
but it suddenly
changed
into a flower
Written by: hyperbolic_knight
Show all mnemonics (20)
The Kanji represent a
person
planting a flower on a fertile floor with
grass
with a garden trowel or
spoon
Written by: OneiricDiver
A flower is like a
grass
that
changes
throughout the year.
Hana turned me down so I gave her a
flower
to
change
her mind. It didn't work. She got in her KAr and drove off.
Written by: Samurai_Ash
Hana はな
goes
to the
field
to cu-t カ flowers with her
spoon
Written by: Wolfenspace
HANNAH {はな} paid CAsh {か} for some quality flowers, but they quickly
changed
into
grass
.
Written by: BambiIcedTea
"Hannah"「HANA はな」sat
in the
grass
while the
person
with her "caught"「KA カ」"katydids"「KE ケ」amongst the *flowers*.
Phono-semantic: Phonetic
”カ/ケ” Semantic
“grass”.
represents two people on upright and one upside down hence reversal and change.

Men use flowers a
plant
to
change
a girl’s mind.
Written by: フバフバ
All these flowers were planted by your
leader
in the
grass
with nothing but a
spoon
. Now the whole place is absolutely full with beautiful flowers. Flowers everywhere.

But for some reason, the leader just can’t stop planting flowers… He’s going crazy. Maybe it’s the pollen? Now there’s only one person left that can save him: Hannah はな
Written by:
A flower is on
grass
, made of a
stilk
and
seven
petals
Written by: Ayumi07
Looks like the
petals
and
stem
of a flower.
Written by:
I saw a
person
planting
grass
with a
spoon
. When I got closer, I saw it was actually my friend {Hannah}「はな」planting flowers. She invited me to eat some {cake}「カ、ケ」at her home.
Written by: Vitor Conte
Grass
changes
into flower
Written by: Veerdb
The flower like every
weed
will eventually
change
into fruits.
Written by: Karlla
Grass
changes
into a flower.
Written by: ルイス
What may look like an ordinary field of
grass
at first often
changes
into a field of flowers during spring.
A
person
spooned
the
grass
to steal HANAh's
flower
.
Flowers constantly
change
during their life cycles, and grow on
grass
Written by: スタチク
Argh, the dandelion flowers are
changing
the green
grass
into yellow CATASTROPHE カ again! 🌼
All these
flowers
were planted by your
leader
with nothing but a
spoon
. Now the whole place is absolutely full with beautiful flowers. Flowers everywhere.
Written by: しまうま
Before they bloom, flowers often
take the form of
grass
.
Written by: クロケー
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ はなたば - (noun) bunch of flowers, bouquet
/ はなび - (noun) fireworks
/ かびん - (noun) (flower) vase
/ かだん - (noun) flower bed
/ はなみ - (noun/する verb) cherry blossom viewing, flower viewing
Kunyomi: もと
Onyomi: ホン
Stroke count: 5
Radical name: き
Radical
book, present, main, origin, true, real, counter for long cylindrical things
Mnemonics
You need to chop down a
tree
to make a book.
Written by: Jessica_Ilha
Show all mnemonics (25)
Read a book ほん that’s my motto もと
Written by: リアンカ
He sits on ホン the
base
of the
tree
with a book because he still has more to もと learn.
Written by: Wolfenspace
A
cross section
of a
tree
holds a book worth of historical value.
Written by: Nanako7
The
roots
are the *origin* of the
tree
. Trees can be homes for "honey"「HON ホン」bees, and can be used to make *books*, and even "motor"「MOTO もと」boats!
To make a book you need to cut the
cross section
of a
tree
.
Written by: [Akemi]
We chopped the
tree
and made the book, so we added an extra stroke.
Written by: チュリップ
For every book, you must cut down
one
tree
. Save the planet—avoid reading! That's my HONEST ホン MOTTO もと.
This character is the
tree
, but the focus is on the
root
. Books are the root and origin to sharpen/hone(ほん)your knowledge, just as roots are the root and origin of the tree.
Written by: かわうそ
In order to make
one
thick book
, you need to cut down a
tree
.
Written by: くん
There's a forest where you can count long cylindrical
tree
s
, and if you get the real number you're granted the {HON}or of
cutting
one down to gain a book about the main origin of your present self. {MOre TO}mes can be acquired if you're true to yourself.
Written by: LeBran
The truth is that the main part of the
tree
is the
trunk
which is
cut
since it is the origin of the wood used to make the paper for books.
Written by:
A picture of a
tree
that emphasizes the roots; the roots are origin/beginning/source of a tree.
Written by: NickKnackSnack
The
tree
is
one
source of life. It is an origin of many things present, including the main materials found in books, where true or real ideas can originate.
Written by: Vee2026
Fred Flintstone bought a DIY book on how to make a car out of
timber
and sabertooth tiger skins. The
one
thing that it lacked was a motor {もと}.
The true thing is that
one
tree
Written by: ポポスくべ
main/true/real origin of a
tree
person giving live/present, cylindrical birth to
1/one
book baby
Written by: Suoira
You should chop down a
tree
to make one
book
There is only
one
thing we need to do to make a book. And that is to cut a
tree
down.
If you have a
tree
, it's only
one
step to make a book
Written by: Bertlimaria
This line
highlights the root of a
tree
. It can also represent the origin, things at its core, aka how real things are etc.

Take a look at its counterpart
which uses a line to highlight the top.
Written by: non0230
Books are made from
trees
Written by: Astarlia
Indicative Ideogram: The
tree
is
indicated
at its origin, books originate from that, trees are truly long and cylindrical

When you use the もと reading this usually uses the “origin” sense, and the ホン reading is used otherwise.
Written by: フバフバ
A
person
used a
tree
to make a book
Written by: すしboi
Books are the source of knowledge, just as a
root
is the source of a
tree
.
Written by: つる
trees are used for wood
and wood can make enough paper for books every
single
day
Written by: weirdkeichan
Related vocabulary
see all words
さん / やまもとさん - (noun) Mr./Ms. Yamamoto
/ もとき - (noun) original stock
/ ほんだな - (noun) bookshelves, bookshelf, bookcase
/ きほん - (noun) basics, fundamentals, basis, foundation
/ ほんにん - (noun) the person in question, the person themselves, said person
Kunyomi: (none)
Onyomi: カン
Stroke count: 13
Radical name: さんずい
Radical
Sino-, China
Mnemonics
Her
husband
cross the
mouth
of the
river
to reach the
grassy
land of China.
Written by: kaname19
Show all mnemonics (18)
Her
husband
Khan {カン}, from China, has a piece of
wet
grass
sticking out of his
mouth
.
Written by: Anonymous123
The Han, the dominant ethnic group in modern-day China, take their name from the Han
River
, the longest tributary to the Yangtze River.
Han
𦰩
/カン(⿱)is a variant of /キン(⿱廿), yellow river clay.
I put
water
and
grass
into the
mouth
of my
husband
and sent him to China!
Written by: jsam
On the other side of the
water
stands a
husband
on his head in the
grass
and opens his
mouth
to shout: „Look, I'm in China.“
Written by: espiacent
Phono-semantic Possibly Ideogram: Phonetic Abbreviated “カン” “Han” —Dynasty or River tributary or Ethnic Group— might represent a person being sacrificed due to a variant. Semantic
“water” linked to the river that started the civilization.

The “Han”
Kan
Civilization began at the Yellow
River
in China

Sometimes it means “man” in Japanese due to the view that the Han chinese are “civilized men” rather than the common man. Before the “Han Golden Age” Chinese called the land “Huaxia” and the People Hua. Which is interestingly close to the Semetic root Asu and Aegean root Asis; roots theorized to be the origin of the name “Asia” but are otherwise unrelated.
Written by: フバフバ
KAN {カン} you see? On the other side of the
water
, lying on the
grass
, with
mouth
opened wide, her
husband
, shouts "I'm in China"!
Written by: quickMaffs44
The
person
crossed the
mouth
of
two
rivers
to reach the
grassy
land of China.
Written by: Quixotic
Ancient Chinese, traditional Chinese:
water
+
human sacrifice
. Represents the Han river, which in turn represents China.
Written by: Biev
My
husband
said
that he found a
kettle
next to the
river
in China.
Written by: P1ng23n5
China is
one
large
,
grassy
country with lots of
mouth
-
watering
food no man/OTOKO KAN resist.
Written by: レイん|レナ
Over the
sea
is the
empire
- - known as the
middle
- - kingdom, or China. Above it is a
grassy
steppe where the men「おとこ」called KHANs come from「から」.
Written by: Tamulet
My
husband
talks
a lot about China, with its
rainy
days and
grassy
croplands.
Written by: トロン
China claims things are going well economically, but in reality the
men
there have to
eat
wet
grass
to survive.
Written by: Robdeprop
He puts
water
and
grass
into his
mouth
because he is a
man
from China.
Written by: superbaby
How Kanji were invented:
She put some
wet
grass
into the
mouth
of her chinese
husband
.
He spit it out. And it formed the exact shape of this Kanji.
Written by: Xilmi
The Chinese
husband
likes to put
water
and
grass
in his
mouth
to make tea
Written by: tsubame.gaeshi
You must cross the
grounds
of Japan, and into the
seas
if you want a
Chinese
husband
There have been many amazing fossils dug up in China. Imagine the large
shape as a huge
fossil
animal, the
as
dirt
being flung from the dig site, and
as the
fence
around it.
Written by: batbunbat
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ かんじ - (noun) kanji, Chinese character
/ かんわ - (noun) China and Japan; Chinese and Japanese (languages); {abbr} dictionary with Japanese definitions of kanji and kanji compounds, kanji dictionary
/ かんご - (noun) Japanese word of Chinese origin, Sino-Japanese word; language of the Han people, Chinese
/ じょうようかんじ - (noun) jōyō kanji, kanji for common use, list of 2,136 kanji designated for common use (introduced in 1981, revised in 2010)
/ かんぶん - (noun) Chinese classical writing, Chinese classics; writing composed entirely of kanji
Kunyomi: あざ
Onyomi:
Stroke count: 6
Radical name: こ
Radical
character, letter, word, section of village
Mnemonics
A
child
studying characters and words under the school
roof
.
Written by: rtega
Show all mnemonics (15)
The
child
gets to wear the
crown
, because he knows so many Chinese characters. Maybe one day I'll know as many characters as the child.
Written by: Edelmeister
This
character for
"child"
{シ} serves as the phonetic of the character for
"character"
{ジ}.
Written by: ヒァン
Perhaps all these characters were created by a
child
GEnius {ジ}. If so, they should be
crowned
King!
Kanji *characters* are almost more like *words* than *letters*. The
children
of "Aza"「AZA あざ」*village* study hard to learn them, and when they score well on their kanji test, they get to wear the "genius"「JI ジ」
cap
for the rest of the day!
Phono-semantic: Phonetic
“ジ” Semantic
“roof”.

The
child
learns kanji characters under this
roof
.
Written by: フバフバ
the
child
was
crowned
the winner of the competition because she knew so many kanji characters
Written by: weirdkeichan
Put the {ジ}
hat
on a
kid
and now they have character!
Written by: orcface
The
child
decided to study , but only
one
character at a time
Written by: ケンパチ
Every
CHILD
born under Japanese
ROOF

is given Kanji CHARACTERS for its name.
Written by: Abnormalise
Some
child
ren
like studying alphabet characters under the school
roof
, but other children JEEr {じ} at them ...
Written by: BambiIcedTea
G {ジ} is a letter
you
learn as a
child
.
Written by: LilyJ
Shoot, the
child
tagged a huge character on the
roof
again. a big smiley ジ
Written by: ケンパチ
I heard
kids
making noise on my
roof
. Yelled them away and found a pair of JEANS ジ with strange letters C and K left behind. What does this all mean?
A
child
born to a Japanese
house
is given characters for its name. And it's name is Ji-sus
Written by: Samurai_Ash
The
child
is hiding on the
roof
so that he can keep practicing to write kanJI over and over and over. He's afraid that his parents will know how he hasn't been doing his homework for the last... 5 years. No wonder he can't even read a simple sentence at the age of 9. He is writing a lot of symbols and letters to help him memorize these characters. Will it work? Hey who knows? At least he's trying.
Written by: Justps2
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ あざ - (noun) section of village
/ おおあざかたやま - (noun) name of a town section
/ かんじ - (noun) kanji, Chinese character
/ すうじ - (noun) {math} numeral, figure, digit, numeric character
/ じびき - (noun) dictionary
Kunyomi: かわ
Onyomi: セン
Stroke count: 3
Radical name: かわ
Radical
stream, river, river or three-stroke river radical (no. 47)
Mnemonics
Three wave
crests
off a river flowing
Written by:
Show all mnemonics (13)
A
river
ca-rries wa-ter かわ and sen-ds セン it downstream.
Written by: Wolfenspace
You accidentally drive your car into the river, and your |sen|sei
セン
jokes that the river is now a |car wash|
かわ
.
Written by: チェシャ
In Spirited Away, "Sen"「SEN セン」sees a *river* spirit that looks like a "cute = かわいい"「KAWA かわ」boy! In his true form, he is a
long, thin
creature that can swim straight between the
banks of any *stream*
.
かわ went to the river
with セン.
Written by: チェイスです
What's stronger than
one
vertical stream? Three!
Written by:
Three dashes
for water running through the stream.
Written by: non0230
Probably originally showed two river
banks
with water flowing
between
them. Man’yogana for つ and ツ based on the classical pronunciation つゑん.

(*kʰjon)
セン←つゑん← /t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/ ← *kʰjon
As I drove my car along the winding
road
, accompanied by my kawaii virtual girlfriend, we discovered a magical river where colorful creatures danced and played, filling our journey with happiness and wonder.
Written by: なないで
You know that feeling when you need to find a ca-r wa-sh /かわ/ but there's just nothing near you for miles only this river so you use the
river
insted? No? Me neither...
Written by: *Anna*
Looks like a river or stream, with a curved
left bank
, the
flowing water
, and a straight
right bank
.
Written by:
People are having an argument by the river and one says "fine! walKAWAy!" かわ
Written by: Frogsssss
The "kawa-sen"
river
Written by: Catogato
There is a
bridge
on
water
it’s a river
Written by: eekrotkaye owo
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ かわ - (noun) river, stream; {suf} River, the ... river (suffix used with the names of rivers)
/ ほりかわ - (noun) canal
/ かせん - (noun) rivers
/ せんりゅう - (noun) senryū, comic haiku, humorous seventeen-mora poem
/ さんせん - (noun) mountains and rivers
Kunyomi: ,
Onyomi: ボク, モク
Stroke count: 4
Radical name: き
Radical
tree, wood
Mnemonics
One horizontal stroke for the
ground
, one vertical stroke for the
trunk
and the
main root
, and 2 more roots
Written by: Nicolas2
Show all mnemonics (13)
The "key"「KI き」to happiness is sitting under a *tree*, resting against the *wood* of its
trunk
under its green
branches
where it is "more cool"「MOKU モク」.
We chopped down this tree, but be careful, we didn't make to book yet, so it's one less stroke.
Written by: チュリップ
I ボク know the key き to good barbeque is getting a good s-moke モク from the right wood of a
tree
.
Written by: Wolfenspace
Did you know that this
line
is supposed to represent tree branches? Which means that all
these
are the roots, and a teeny tiny part above the is the actual stem of the tree. Crazy, right? Wait until you realize where
came from. See the entry
to learn more.
Written by: non0230
In a magical forest, a key{ki} unlocked the ancient
tree
, revealing its hidden moco{moku} treasure.
Written by: なないで
tree
gives shade, which is Ki
to being MO-re KU-l
モク
Written by: YoImLive
There is a key "き" hanging from a
tree
. The tree mocks "モク" you for not being able to reach it.
Written by: Vitor Conte
The
trunk
and
leaves
. How can someone mess this up?
Written by: ジョアオ003
A
man
carrying a big tree
log
with his
hands
Written by: オキシ
Tree
sounds like "き"
Mokuba "モク" from YuGiOh is always "rooting" for his big brother Kaiba. You could also say Kaiba wood "would" do anything for his little brother.
Written by: MiT_Epona
ten
people
are watching a tree.
Written by: アルバルト
The
tenth
tree named "Trik" has a
person
in the middle of it.
Looks like a tree, and trees are made of wood. There is a
trunk
and
branches
.
Written by:
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ - (noun) tree, shrub, bush; wood, timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
らし / こがらし - (noun) cold wintry wind
/ たいぼく - (noun) large tree
/ もくようび - (noun/adverb) Thursday
/ もくよう - (noun/adverb) (abbrev) Thursday
Kunyomi: なに, なん
Onyomi:
Stroke count: 7
Radical name: にんべん
Radical
what
Mnemonics
What
can
a
person
do?
Written by: gillianfaith
Show all mnemonics (16)
The "nanny"「NANI なに」is a
person
with a big
mouth
. Everyone on the
street
"can"「KA カ」hear *what* she says!
This
person
has
one
feathered stick
in their
mouth
, what are they doing?
WHAT?? the
leader
got another
lip ring
? How are they going to eat NAN with all that jewelry sticking out
Written by: Seraseth
Looks like a
crate
with one corner cracked, and one side broken open, to reveal what is
inside
the crate.
Written by:
What a
person
is doing with a lollipop in his
mouth
in the middle of the
street
?
Written by: Houou
What
is that
box
doing in there?
Written by: NobodyImportan
Pictogram look it up: Originally a man carrying what looks like a halberd on his shoulder which if is true it maybe a phono-semantic compound. Later
pictogram of mouth and exhaled air perhaps singing combined with
.

what
can
a
man
ask
Written by: フバフバ
Curious whispers surrounded the nanny{nani} and nun{nan}. What
can
be left
behind
in the house that held their secrets?
Written by: なないで
What does a
person
should not
do?
Written by: ポポスくべ
A
person
lost on an unfamiliar
street
asking for directions with his
mouth
: What street is this?
Written by: Nester162
A
person
can
do what
Written by: ディアロ
What
can
「KA カ」a
person
say with their
mouth
to save their
town
from an「NAN なん」incredibly giant
feathered stick
?”
That’s what Nanny「NANI なに」asked me. He’s so strange.
Written by: 「 ソフィア 」
What
person
is everyone in
town
mouth
-ing off or gossiping about?
Written by: embrio
What the heck is
T
O
J
?
Written by:
it looks like someone with his
mouth
wide open holding a club
in the
street
as he asks you what did you just say?!? NANI??
Written by: FruitPunchSamurai7
What?!
I
can
do it?
Written by: whereareyou
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ なに - (noun) what; you-know-what, that thing; whatsit, whachamacallit, what's-his-name, what's-her-name; {n} {vulg} {col} penis, (one's) thing, dick; {adv} (not) at all, (not) in the slightest; {int} what?, huh?; {int} hey!, come on!; {int} oh, no (it's fine), why (it's nothing), oh (certainly not)
とか / なんとか - (adverb) something, something or other, so-and-so; {adv} {vs} somehow, anyhow, one way or another (handling, dealing with)
/ きかがく - (noun) geometry
て / なんて - (conjunction) how ...!, what ...!; {int} what?, what's that?
で / なんで - (adverb) why?, what for?; how?, by what means?
Kunyomi: やま
Onyomi: サン
Stroke count: 3
Radical name: やま
Radical
mountain
Mnemonics
a mountain with three
サン
peaks
Written by: soren
Show all mnemonics (11)
Ya ma やま, your son サン sen-ds セン his love from the
mountain
.
Written by: Wolfenspace
Link the peaks and a
mountain
will appear
Written by: スキス イス
The kanji for *mountain* looks like
three peaks
rising from the ground. In Japanese, three is "san"「SAN サン」. Mount Fuji is known both as Fujisan and "Fujiyama"「YAMA やま」.
Three
mountains
. Pretty simple, right?
Written by: non0230
Have you ever imagined
mountain
s
talking, like how wuld two mountains greet eachother?
"Hello, Everest-san /サン/."
"Oh hi, Fuji-san /サン/."
Written by: *Anna*
A tiny explorer climbs the first small peak
left stroke
, then struggles up the tallest peak in the middle
middle stroke
, and finally slides down the last little peak on the right
right stroke
. Together, the three peaks form a mini mountain range — .
Written by: Jjhhhhhh
Pictograph of a
mountain
.

As a phonetic bushu: セン、サン。
Written by: フバフバ
Works better for Spanish speakers, but: llamas 【やま】live in the three 【サン】
mountains
Written by: ebosques
やま
せん
.せい {} had us climb the mountain during training
Written by:
Looks like a mountain
with
three
peaks
for the sloping shape.
Written by:
Stick-figure reduction of three /サン
mountain peaks
, originally three triangles.

(*sreːn)
サン,セン← /ʂăn/ ← *sreːn
Related vocabulary
see all words
/ やま - (noun) mountain, hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap, pile; crown (of a hat), thread (of a screw), tread (of a tire), protruding part of an object, high part; climax, peak, critical point; guess, speculation, gamble; {sl} criminal case, crime; mountain climbing, mountaineering; festival float (esp. one mounted with a decorative halberd); deck (of playing cards on table, face down, from which cards are drawn), stack; {mahj} wall, wall tile; {arch} temple, temple grounds; {n-pref} wild
さん / やまださん - (noun) Mr./Mrs./Ms. Yamada
/ たくさん - (Pre-noun adjective) a lot, lots, plenty, many, a large number, much, a great deal, a good deal; enough, sufficient; {n-suf} enough, too many, too much
/ ふじさん - (noun) Mount Fuji, Mt. Fuji, Fujiyama, Fuji-san
/ とざん - (noun/する verb) mountain climbing, ascending a mountain, ascent
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