Do it! Imma-diately! (Now)

I have free time (ひま) right now (いま)

now i will ride my horse (うま) to get there immediately

“Now” means “the current ta-IMA” (time)

To keep the kanji in mind “In my house !” Meaning immediately.

Ima (imma) go now

要らん: Colloquial and contracted form of 要らない, meaning "not needed, unnecessary"

Noun ga IRU = need a noun;
HITSUYOU ga aru = need to verb

You NEED to not be so いるsponsible (irresponsible)

I will do it (やる) if it's needed (いる)

I'm いる (ill)... I want, no, I need some medicine

I need (いる) some colour (いろ) in my life

Iru-placable

he (い) would need (definition) a new ruler (る) to work here

I need (いる) to exist (いる).

iRU ly needed

It's nice to be iru (to be needed, wanted).

Some people feel that way about ビール.

The fact that he *exists* (いる) means I *need* (いる) him

Is it kyou (today)? NO, it's kiNOu (yesterday).

yesterday we had a Key-note (きの) speaker

When did we go to the kino (cinema)? That was yesterday

YESTERDAY I played KENO (きのう).

Yesterday きのう I ate a mushroom きのこ

A bit on its use as a greeting — お元気ですか / 元気ですか isn't commonly used in conversation as a general "how are you", since it puts mild pressure on the listener to report their condition. It can feel awkward with strangers, bosses, or coworkers. One situation where it is very natural is when meeting a friend you haven't seen in a while. Then you might say: ひさしぶり、元気？

Both 明るい and 元気 can describe a person, but they focus on different things.

明るい is more about personality / atmosphere. It's someone who feels cheerful, positive, easygoing, and pleasant to be around, like a person who is friendly, welcoming, and smiles often.

元気 is more about energy / vitality. Someone who's lively, healthy, and energetic, for example speaking in an energetic voice or moving around actively.

Note: You can be 明るい, but not 元気, or 元気, but not particularly 明るい.

Genki- like the Genki-dama from Dragon Ball. Spirit Bomb. Genki is full of spirit！

Professor Genki from Saints Row is a lively and energetic character…with tons of health!

Gen z is full of spirit - what about gen ki?

げんき is the name of the popular Japanese textbook. I heard it's very fit for study groups/classes. That's a lot of people. A lot of people gonna be lively/energetic. げんき will fit them.

Genji from Overwatch is fast and energetic

元 looks like pi from math. 気 looks like a treasure map. Notice the arrow above the map points to pie. This is because a treasure map to tasty pie is the secret to happiness.

2 二 legs 儿 to dance with spirit! 気

Genki Sudo from World Order is energetic and full of spirit! He must be healthy to do those dance moves.

How are they excited with all that math?
元 looks like π, and 気 looks like it has a backwards square root of x

A GENie pops out of a lamp and hands you a magical KEY. When you hold this "Genie Key," you instantly feel super LIFELY, ENERGETIC, and FULLL OF SPIRIT. That's the power of being genki!

Your *voice* echoes (eこえs) in this room

Leonard Cohen (KOE) had a lovely voice.
(He is the man who wrote Hallelujah)

I can hear your KOE at the KOUEN

This might only work for Aussies (and some Brits by extension) but it makes me think of “Cooee,” a call Australian Aborigines would make to attract attention. So, you use your KOE to cooee.

There is a very well known anime/manga:
Koe no katachi (literally "shape of a voice")

The kanji just looks like a megaphone which makes your voice louder

The word "koe" (声) sounds like part of the name "Cohen", making it easy to associate.

Imagine Sacha Baron Cohen switching between voices in his characters, tying the sound of "koe" to its meaning "voice."

Difference between 単語 and 言葉：

Both definitions say "word" in them. However, 言葉 is used more abstractly than 単語　. 言葉　is more about words as a whole, language. It means word in sentences like "He was at a loss for words" or "Her words were cruel", rather than "Memorize this word" the latter example is more appropriate to use 単語 for

言 (language, word, etc) + 葉 (leaves, piece) -> language's element.
At first, I heard it mainly for "word" but later, I saw it in a lot of different contexts and from the kanji, I end up with that translation. It can contextually mean all the definitions you see on renshuu. The more common one in my experience are still "word" and "language" but that's just me and so far.

単語 refer more specifically to individual word while 言葉 has a broader meaning and can also refer to multiple linguistic element like phrases, sentences, etc. Edit: 単語 refer to the smallest unit in japanese which are not always/exactly "word". For example た (the ending kana in the past casual tense) is a 単語.

文字 is the individual letters that make up a word, such as 単 and 語, or 言 and 葉.

単語 is the word for word, but in a sense of memorising a word list for a Japanese quiz.

言葉 is the word for word, when you are trying to talk or have a conversation.

言葉がわかりません, "I don't understand that word".

*Co*rn, *to*rn and *ba*rn are examples of words

there's no point to calling people who don't speak your *language*. why would you CALL TO BA-rely understand each other?

I write every word he says 言 on a leaf 葉

If you've used it, Kotoba (on the renshuu Discord) is a good way of memorizing *words*!

I do all my LANGUAGE studying in October(o-kotoba)

I don’t know if they would let me into a Kyoto bar (ことば), because I don’t speak the LANGUAGE.

Every code base (KO-TO-BA) has it's own programming LANGUAGE.

kotoba is a bot on discord that helps with the japanese *language*

call toba with your language

A "cut above" is an expression in English.

この　cannot stand alone and must be used with a noun

これ　works as a placeholder and is its "own thing"

I liked what one comment said: you can remember the difference by thinking of この　containing the の, like you are saying "これ　の　_____"

[www.reddit.com]
[www.nhk.or.jp]

Starts with こ so this words is used to refer to things that are closer to the speaker. So it means "thins kind"/"like this"

こんな - "such thing" meaning this specific thing
こういう - "such things" that are like this one, this and other things of same sort

In anime you often hear things like こんな女！

What kind of? (どんな) This kind of (こんな)

A con like this?! Such na-rve!

自己 is the self as a concept; often used in philosophy

自分 is used as self-reference (myself, yourself, himself, herself etc.)

自身 is often used as a suffix to emphasize self-reference/the own person

Usually used in conjuction with の to form an equivalent for mine, his, her's etc. without repeating the name of the person who is marked as the topic.

Jee(じ) it's lucky I'm by *myself*, I only have one sweet bun (ぶん) and I hate sharing.

Bugs ぶんny famously said:
"自分の名前はうさぎです"

自分 means "self" whereas pronouns such as 私, 僕, 俺 etc. mean I. Both can be used together, e.g. 私は自分でやります "I will do it by myself."

自分 as a pronoun is sometimes used by team members (e.g. athletes, soldiers, public servants like police) as it represents their organisation better than 私たち, etc.

自分 can also be used as "you", but only in 関西弁 (Osaka-Kyoto) and should be avoided outside the region as it is considered rude. This is because 自分 implies speaker and listener are equal rank in Kansai, and the nuance does not carry over elsewhere.

ぜんぶ is only used for things.

みんな can be used for both things and people.

This is a common and general term for "all" or "everything." It's often used in everyday conversation to refer to the entirety of a set or group of things or actions.
全部好きです。 (ぜんぶすきです。) - "I like everything."

全部 and 全て have the same meaning, but 全て is a bit more formal, while 全部 is more often used in every-day casual speech.

If you want to say "all the.." you will need to add を before 全部:
「餅を全部食べた」
You can say 「全部を…」but it's usually used as an adverb, so just omit it.
When used with adjectives and verbs add 物（もの）or 事（こと）:
「うまいもの全部食べる」
「ひどい事全部忘れたい」

You’ll need to eat all of the zen buns.

全: all
部: section

The Zen book (ぜんぶ) covers everything / all

I feel 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗲 when I'm doing my 𝘇𝗲𝗻 meditation, until my brother interrupts me by saying 𝗯𝘂! (Boo)

Used with verb stem, adjectives without -い and -な, and nouns+ではなさそう(only used with this negative form)

そう = lit. "that way". E.g. そういうこと = lit. "that-way, say thing".

Two usage cases:
(1) "Seeming that", i.e. denote how something seems a certain way based on personal observation.
(2) "I heard that", i.e. hearsay based on second-hand information learned by the speaker.

Both そう and ようだ can be used interchangeably to express hearsay and conjecture. However, ようだ involves more subjectivity (and can even be used to create figurative similes), and also expresses more certainty in its comparison (while そう is more speculative).

Grammatical usage for "seeming":
(1) (Verb い-stem) + そう(だ).
(2) な-adjectives/adjectival nouns (replacing "な" or adding before "だ"). E.g. げんきながくせい --> げんきそう（な）がくせい.
(3) い-adjectives (replacing the final "い"). E.g. おいしい= おいしそう.
(4) そう itself can also be used as a な-adjective to modify nouns, e.g. 田中さんはよさそうな人です = "Mr. Tanaka seems like a good person."

Grammatical usage for "hearsay" (as opposed to "seeming"):
(5) End of sentence --> (complete logical clause, i.e. verb dictionary form / い-adjective / noun + だ) + そうだ.

It seems so/SOU.

Is that soU?

in conversation, knowing when to use その and あの when referring to a subject/situation is important

use その when the subject is not known to both speakers
use あの when the subject is known to both speakers

(both speakers refers to you and whoever you're talking to)

“Do you know what it is?” “It’s that … uh, thing …” “SO, NO.”

Can be used in front of a noun, such as その本　(that book)

大 has the meaning "Big". So in this context, it means that something means alot

大切 and 親切 are easier to understand if you understand 切 like part, aspect, "cutoff" (of a whole). Then, like セヴィ said, 大 mean "Big" and figuratively, "important". So, put together, you get the meaning of "Big/important part/aspect". For 親切, 親 has the meaning "relative", "close", "friendly". So put together, you get the meaning of "friendly/close/relative part/aspect". And that, in context, could refer to diverse aspects of friendship like kind, friendly, considerate, etc.

It's used for things which are to be treated as if they can't be replaced, or a state where something should be valued and given heed to, (...) but I believe that 大切 is more about the 心 /sentimental/emotional sense and is more subjective and 大事 more about being fundamentally important/valuable and is more objective.
Source:
[www.japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11262/what-is-the-difference-between-%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B-daiji-and-%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%87-taisetsu]

重要 - important for a certain purpose (objective)

大切 - emotional importance (subjective)

大事 - very similar to 大切 but more obejctive

It's IMPORTANT that my VALUABLE ties are in sets.

My most valuable thing are my tie sets

The most VALUABLE sword in your collection is the one that makes the large 大 cuts 切. It must have been owned by an IMPORTANT person before.

Rock Lee cannot do ninjutsu or genjutsu, only taijutsu, which is important and valuable to him. Taisetsu is similar sounding to taijutsu.

It's important because tai set su (I said so)!

IMPORTANT. If seven big swords (大切) cut Sue, be sure to tie (たい) and set Sue (せつ) wounds.

Something important to you is a big 大 'cut' 切 of who you are; to lose it is to lose a big peice of yourself.

You need a tie (“tai”), maybe even a tie set for an important event.

It's a little known fact that THAI SETSUmas are actually an *important, significant* part of the Thai economy.

To distinguish 大切 from 親切:
THAI (たい = 大) people are *important* and CHINese (しん = 親) people are *kind*. But they both *cut* the lines. Et puis C'EST TOUT ! (せつ = 切)

Tie and suit shows important. ta i se tsu

You wear your best たい (tie) and せつt (suit) for a very (important) meeting.

Because this is so IMPORTANT, it is たい-me (time) せつ-tive (sensitive).

The second kanji reminds me of carrying a baby on your back in one of those baby carriers or a young child riding piggy back. So you have 2 people and their most important, most valuable and most precious child. You can also add tie Seth (baby) to Sue (mom) for Taisetsu.

Its important to remember that 切 as a kanji has many more senses than “cut” it can also mean “urgency or eagerness” among other things. Which is why the compound makes sense.

どうぞ = Please/I beg of you
よろしく = Well/best regards
どうぞよろしく = Please treat me favorably (well)

also: "be my guest" or "go ahead"

By all means DO SO

"Mind if I DOZE Off?"
"By all means!"

From どう (“how, anyhow”) + ぞ (emphatic particle).

“Door’s open, so please go ahead.”
👉 Door so → douzo → “Please, go ahead.”

**Here, please** take these DOZOn doughnuts!

Please buy me a bulldozer {どうぞ}.

どうか carries the expectation of the other person in helping you with your situation, as opposed to どうぞ, which does not carry such an expectation.

欲しい/ほしい is often translated as the verb "to want", but it is technically an ADJECTIVE for describing something that is desired. You can think of the literal translation as something more like "wanted" or "wantable". e.g. X が ほしい です, "X is wanted (by me)".

The adjective 欲しい/ほしい ("wanted") is generally for describing what the SPEAKER wants, or as a question of what someone else might want. It shouldn't be used to describe what someone else wants with any certainty, because the only desires you should be certain about are your own.

To talk about someone else's desires, the verb 欲しがる/ほしがる ("to show signs of wanting") is used instead. In the same vein, using 欲しがる to talk about your own desires or to question what someone else wants is unnatural, because you or the person you're asking shouldn't be uncertain about your own experiences.

Because 欲しい is an adjective and not a verb, it is not grammatical to mark the object of desire with を. The correct particle to use with the thing being wanted is が.

Grammatical usage of ほしい (as an adjective meaning "is desirous"):
To describe your own desires: (Noun) が + ほしい.
To describe something you want for someone else: (Person) に (Verb て-form) + ほしい.
E.g. 私はともだちに電話をしてほしい = "As for myself, (it) would be desirable for (my) friend to make a call (to me)".

The latter usage case contrasts with the ~たい form, which expresses one's desires for themselves.

To express a desire for someone to not do something, you can either:
(1) make the verb a negative and end with ないでほしい (i.e., use the contraction で to wrap the preceding full logical clause with ほしい) --> translates to "it would be desirous to not do ____"; or
(2) negate ほしい to ほしくない --> translates to "it would not be desirous to ____"

I want a hoshi (horsie) for Christmas

If you know the vtuber Hoshimachi, stars are a part of her aesthetic. You can think of a *wishing* star.

I HOPE SHE Gives me the gift I want!

I want a Hoshii (gucci) bag!

Hoshi is a star so you wish on a stat hoshi hoshii.

I've always wanted hoshi in super Mario bros!

A lot of people write 欲しい using hirigana

とっくに = already (long ago, way before now — implies "obviously/obviously by now")
もう = already / yet / now (neutral timing, just means it has happened or is happening)
Core difference: とっくに adds the nuance of "a long time ago" or "obviously by now."
もう食べた = already ate
とっくに食べた = ate ages ago

Can also mean, not anymore, when used with a negative verb.

Could also be used as (AGAIN)

Used to imply a state change. I.e. things are already happening, have just happened, will happen soon, are no longer happening (use with a negative).

Regarding the meaning ‘more’,
もう 一つ 下さい。 more+number
vs
もっと 遊びたい。increase in level/degree

When used as an interjection, it's often separated by a comma, and sometimes accompanied by ～, which lengthens the vowel. Here are a few (3) examples:

A: 待った？ (Did you wait long?)
B: もう、おそすぎるよ！(Ugh! You're so late!)

もう～、なにやってんだよ。(Jeez, what are you doing?)

もう～、やめてよ。(Geez, stop it already.)

OMAEWA MOU SHINDERU
NANI?????
(from Fist of The Northstar, it means "you are already dead" to which the other guy replies "WHAT??" It's the best way i remember the meaning of mou)

I already (MOU) thought (OMOU) about it.

Can the cow just moo (Mou) already??

(Not) any”mo”re

The happy-hour at もうs tavern from the Simpsons already ends after half an hour.
Sie ist in Kürze schon vorbei.

Regarding the meaning ‘more’,
もう 一つ 下さい。 more+number
vs
もっと 遊びたい。increase in level/degree

He was so hungry he kept asking me for even MOre TOast even though he had had so many!

My "motto" is that there's always space for more!

MOTOrolas lasts longer / more / further

ちょっと is a little, but もっとis even more.

My MOTTO is to take a bit LONGER but get MORE done.

Mo.to-bikes have some more power to go longer and further than pedalling

more toes go more longer and further

Moto moto (もっと) likes you even more when you're big and chunky. (Madagascar)

よる From after dark until sunrise

ばん The early part of the night when people are still awake and active

*Approximate* timing:
夕方: ~4pm – around twilight
晩: ~6-9pm / dinner time
夜: ~nightfall and into the night

The usage of 晩 and 夜 can be confusing since they partially overlap, but as a rule of thumb the former is used is concerned with early evening/night when it's reasonable to have activities, and the latter for late night when you would normally would sleep. (It's not that different from the English overlap "I got to sleep at 2 in the morning / in the night").

I’m going to yoru (your) place to tonight

Hey (YO) what are you (RU) up to this evening/ tonight?

Reminds me of the pun in Yor Forger’s name in spy x family anime/manga, spelled “ヨル” which sounds like よる and fits her underworld killing career

Mom, I know... "your rule"「YORU よる」is to be home in the *𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴*, before *𝗻𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁* time.

yo you ruined my dinner! my evening is ruined! YO RU-ined it!

You're awake still? (Yo-ru~wake still?)

If you have seen Spy X Family, think of the character Yor Forger (YORU) and how she is an assassin and does most of her work at NIGHT or the EVENING. She is also horrible at making DINNER.

Your rules - What are we going to eat for dinner this evening?

Go to yoru (sounds like your room) at night to sleep

YOUR ROUX, chef (friday evening/night restaurant); YO did you see that RU making dinner? (kangaroo in a chef's hat)