家 can be read two main ways:

いえ is closer to house. Kind of refers more to the building itself
うち is usually translated as home. Includes the deeper connections to family and personal history inside the building.

家(いえ) is more used for the house in the literal sense - physical walls and objects that make up your house.

Use お家 when talking to someone else about THEIR home. If that person is above your station (like your boss) you should use お宅.

For your own home use うち.

いえ generally means "my house, the building" while "うち" is "my home, where I live".

There are many types of HOUSE styles, I.E. (いえ) cottage or Victorian.

Yay(Ie), im home after a long day

Freind: "Wow! You're house is so pretty- the paint job is so well done!"

Me: "#Ie! Ie! (Which means no and sounds like "Iye") That's not true."

I love being at home, these four walls are my empire so when I get back in my house I say "YE!(いえ) Here I am!"

Although predominantly used by women, use of あら by men is still acceptable. However, for a more masculine equivalent, おや might be what you're looking for.

Honorific form of 行く、来る、いる
Similar to おいでになる in both meaning and usage,

Example of respectful usage:
The place where you live you say is 住んでいるところ, but the place where the Emperor lives you say is his 住んでいらっしゃるところ

Just remember it’s the dictionary form of what you hear when you go into a shop or restaurant - いらっしゃいませ！

Come in, be welcome!

Etymology
Originally a contraction of いらせらる, itself an honorific conjugation of 入ら (the 未然形 “imperfective” of 入る/いる, “come in”) + せ (the 未然形 of honorific auxiliary verb 候/す) + らる (the older form of passivizing auxiliary verb られる, here serving as another honorific).

Pronunciation
(Tokyo) い⌜らっしゃ⌝る
［ìrássháꜜrù］ (Nakadaka )
IPA: ［iɾa̠ɕːa̠ɾɯ̟］

I’m in I RASSHA RU (a rush to) come/go/be somewhere.

いn the らっしゃueる a lot of people come and go to the bar.

今 ’now' 日 'day' so 'now day' is today.

本日 and 今日 both mean today. However, 本日 is keigo, so it's more polite/formal than 今日. In regular conversation, you can use 今日 just fine though.
Also be careful not to get 日本 and 本日 mixed up, they use the same kanji except their order is mixed up lol
Source: [japanese.stackexchange.com]

本日 is more formal than 今日

I'm going to 'Kyo'to 'today'

今 looks like a guy wearing a straw hat. 日 looks like ヨ (yo). It's a cool guy saying yo (cool yo, kyo).

I was in ToKYOU today.

Second kanji looks like a corner of a calendar.
Sort of.

Today is move-out day! Where is the KEY, YO! きょう

Have YOU heard from genKI today? KI YO U

Today 今日 (きょう) I’m going to the Tokyo 東京 (とうきょう) Tower とう.

“Cue today.” → Think of someone saying, “Cue today’s performance!” as the curtain rises.

Im going to _ today, isn't that cool (kyou)?

一昨日 (おととい) — The day before yesterday.
昨日 (きのう) — Yesterday.
今日 (きょう) — Today.
明日 (あした) — Tomorrow.
明後日 (あさって) — The day after tomorrow.

To quote Cure Dolly: 'anything contained in the は particle only 'flags' what the sentence is talking about, and is never part of the grammatical structure as a whole.'

[youtu.be]

Pronounced as "wa" (not "ha") when used as the topic-marking particle.

Can be used like “Xは?: As for X?” Usually used when asking for opinion of someone or when a customer is asked what they would like. Very contextual can be used in many senses like “Where?” “What?” Or even complex sentences.

Other particles like も can be used similarly, but this particle directly uses the information from the conversation to ask about another thing/situation. Similar to “What about” in “Mom is at home.” “What about Dad?”.

This term can also mean "Nothing" or "No reason"

Example
"Why are you smiling?
別に - No reason."

Person: I べつに (bet you need) this.
Me: not particularly, no.

BETS (betsu) are not really a good way to make moNEY (ni)

kids don't particularly/really need BEDS that go past the typical adults' KNEE

Equivalent to "to iu" -- a quoting particle.

Can he used like the "wa" particle to denote the subject of a sentence.

I.e. "Sakura-tte... " = "speaking of Sakura..."

Needed to do some research for this one. Casual という. Can be used as a topic marker when quoting, e.g.

Person A:
和牛を食べた。
わぎゅう を たべた。
I ate Wagyu.

Person B:
和牛って何？
わぎゅう って なに？
What is "Wagyu"?

It is also used to quote a topic, e.g.
あなたは失礼。
あなた は しつれい。
You are impolite.

あなたって失礼。
あなた って しつれい。
"You" is impolite.

Source: [www.japanesewithanime.com]

See also the って grammar entry.

わけ is the same root meaning as わかる and わける - the idea of something being split open/broken down to its constituent parts (and therefore analysable). わかる is the verb of the subject itself acting analysable/comprehensible/split open, わける is the verb of the subject splitting open/making comprehensible/analysing something else, and わけ is the matching noun concept of reasoning/analysis/logical conclusion/causality.

The kanji were added to all three of these words much later after the verbal language developed, so the different kanji options in writing will just be used to emphasise particular nuances for the verbs (e.g. if you want to talk more about physical splitting rather than metaphorical analysing)

The easiest usage is as “in other terms…”, like a summary, a restatement.

The use of this word is a bit hard to describe: it's a noun used for making conclusions. Depending on how it's used, it's translated differently. It can be helpful to just learn the most common phrases with which わけ is used, so I've put them here.

> X わけ (だ/です)
No wonder that X / Makes sense that X / That explains why X

> X わけ じゃない
It does not mean that X / I don't mean that X / It is not the case that X

> X わけ が ない / X わけ で は ない / X わけ で は ありません
There's no way that X / It's not like X

> verb わけ に は いかない
Cannot verb (due to external circumstances) / Must absolutely not verb
This is a stronger version of "~て は いけない" (must not do). Please pay attention to the pronunciation difference between these phrases! ("いかない" vs "いけない")

The conclusion is clear; Wake up to reason already!

You 分かる (wakaru) things if you understand the conclusion from reasoning (わけ)!

Wake (What kept) you from drawing the right conclusion?

Your reasoning/conclusion is wack/WAKE.

Conversational contraction. しているんだ。ー＞　してんだ。

re: sense 3

Confusingly, ん after the negative stem of a verb can be both a contraction of the negative ない / ぬ ending, or of the archaic volitional む ending -- which have completely opposite meanings.

Fortunately the volitional ん verb ending (which is a different dictionary entry, flagged as an archaism) is rather uncommon in modern speech and mostly restricted to specific grammar patterns or intentionally formal/stylistic use of archaic language, so you don't often have to guess whether what looks like a negative is actually a positive.

For the first meaning, ん is most likely not a contraction of いる after the て form but rather a contraction of る.
In the case of ～ている, the contraction is done in two step:
～ている -> ～てる -> ～てん

And that last る -> ん contraction can also be use with verb ending in る like:
する->すん
来る->来ん
It's particularly common when combined with the particle な (the "not" one) for comical effects in casual conversation between friends. As in:
すんな (DON'T do that!)
来んな (DON'T come here!)
One of my favorite example is:
"話しかけてくんな"
Which is quite rude but gives a "Don't you dare come to talk to me!" vibes between friends. That the kind of feeling it can creates (so be careful with that).
Other than that, the ら->ん contraction is also possible as in:
分からない -> 分かんない
Which is relatively common too in casual speech between friends.

I tried to search for some formal explanation but couldn’t find anything that could give me a final answer. Apparently, it could be either some kind of dialect or a general kind of contraction where the entire ラ行 (the ら, れ, る, り, ろ sounds) and な行 (the な, に, ぬ, の, ねsounds) can be replaced with ん. At that point, I gave up because both feel correct and I couldn’t access to more information (nor can I still read research level article… for now). I pretty sure some of those ん contraction are really common mainly because of the kansai dialect combined with manzai comedy for example. But at the same time, I also feel like native used that contraction a bit randomly trough Japanese history. Hence why you have that damn ん which can mean either る、ら、に、の、ぬ、etc. I got traumatized by that ん when I first started to talk with some japanese friends and also when watching youtube. Hope that explanation will help you at least a bit for that (Also now, it’s fun and ん contraction + kansai ben + manzai → best way to make Japaneses laugh)

PS : Just remembered another one but I’m not redoing the entire explanation for that, so I will just leave that here :
やるのか？→ やんのか？ (“wanna fight ?” with a fake yankee vibe kinda, very common between friends)
So, that る → ん contraction can theoretically be applied to any verb with a る ending but in practice, it’s not used everywhere. Like, it’s not common in standard written Japanese, it’s not really “grammatical” either but it’s still extremely common in casual spoken Japanese (especially in those expression). So yeah, don’t know if that explanation is useful or confusing anymore but at least, you will be aware of them if you encounter those expression in the wild x)

This word is actually two words, the copula だ followed by けど.
So you are more likely to see this variant in NOUN is NOUN sentences
小さい部屋だけど、(It's a small room, but...)
Than you are in NOUN does VERB ones (or NOUN is いADJECTIVE ones)
雨が降っているけど、(it's raining, but...)
大きいけど弱い。(big but weak.)

Shares the same meaning as けど (but).

However, だけど is only used after a complete sentence or a complete logical clause. The だ acts as a copula alongside an invisible __が subject (directly preceding the だ) to effectively state "(It) being (the case), however, ... (contrasting statement)".

at the end of a sentence:

さ adds force to the sentence
ぞ adds force or indicates command

Basically, さ turns adjectives into nouns by substituting -い and -な with it

In casual spoken Japanese, さ (variant pronunciation: さあ) is often used as a filler "like" or "you know" to keep speech flowing, e.g. ～ってさ(あ), ～からさ(あ), それでさ(あ). How much It's used varies by speaker and is common in relaxed, conversational speech where it adds little concrete meaning.

From my experience, heavy use can feel similar to the filler "like" in English.

PS: More technically, it's a particle used as a discourse marker.

Used with verb stem, adjectives without -い and -な, and nouns+ではなさそう(only used with this negative form)

そう = lit. "that way". E.g. そういうこと = lit. "that-way, say thing".

Two usage cases:
(1) "Seeming that", i.e. denote how something seems a certain way based on personal observation.
(2) "I heard that", i.e. hearsay based on second-hand information learned by the speaker.

Both そう and ようだ can be used interchangeably to express hearsay and conjecture. However, ようだ involves more subjectivity (and can even be used to create figurative similes), and also expresses more certainty in its comparison (while そう is more speculative).

Grammatical usage for "seeming":
(1) (Verb い-stem) + そう(だ).
(2) な-adjectives/adjectival nouns (replacing "な" or adding before "だ"). E.g. げんきながくせい --> げんきそう（な）がくせい.
(3) い-adjectives (replacing the final "い"). E.g. おいしい= おいしそう.
(4) そう itself can also be used as a な-adjective to modify nouns, e.g. 田中さんはよさそうな人です = "Mr. Tanaka seems like a good person."

Grammatical usage for "hearsay" (as opposed to "seeming"):
(5) End of sentence --> (complete logical clause, i.e. verb dictionary form / い-adjective / noun + だ) + そうだ.

It seems so/SOU.

Is that soU?

literally just 'indeed'. carries the same meaning, just used more: SO indeed (perfect match?) -> SO it {would} appears/seems that; SO it is that {way};

Definitions of 'indeed':
- Emphasis/Confirmation/Agreement something already suggested/stated
- Introduction further & stronger or other related point
- Interjection/Response (used as an expression of surprise, incredulity, irony, etc.)

あっち こっち and そっち are used when there are TWO things to choose between (THAT one or THIS one), whereas あれ それ and これ are used for ONE item or MORE THAN TWO.
(Japanese From Zero Course/Book 1 Lesson 2)

SOaring close to that thing

そ__れ
"So red it the color of that train!"

それ sounds like 'so then' and can mean 'then'

Generally with positioning there's a pattern.
The first kana is position:
Close to me こ
Close to you そ
Far from both of us あ
The second kana shows the word:
This/that れ
Here/there こ

This is a contraction of the particles で + は.

それでは -> では -> じゃ

Used in じゃあね and じゃあまた

ゆっくりする = to relax; take it easy; chill; hang out doing nothing in particular

YU should cook KURI slowly over a low heat.

YU KURI (could) walk faster

slow down! YU KURI (you hurry) too much!

the snow/YUKI is falling slowly/without haste/YUKKURI

When YOU CREE-p (ゆっくり) up on someone, you move slowly.

Why are you soo slow?? You could (yu kkuri) hurry, y'know!

"I can't read! I can't read!"

"Calm down, you can read (ゆっくり), just slowly."

YOU CURRY favor slowly

Wow, you (ゆ) are slowly becoming Stephen Curry (っくり)!

You {ゆっ} have to cook curry {くり} SLOWLY and WITHOUT HASTE.

“Dude! Why is the curry taking so long? You cook so SLOWLY!”

“If you’ve got a problem with how I do it, YOU CURRY (ゆっくり) next time.”

A lot of Japanese Youtube videos will have 「ゆっくり実況」or 「ゆっくり解説」in their titles, meaning "slow explanation/commentary" referring to a specific slow-paced text-to-speech software

Various verbs for putting things on one's body (unrelated senses not mentioned):
- 着る: To wear upper body or full body clothing, usually through arm sleeves. It is used more generally when used with clothing in general e.g. 服を着る, when used in compounds such as 着こなす, 着込む, etc., in certain collocations, and other cases.
- 履く: To wear on the feet, such as shoes and socks.
- 穿く: To wear lower body clothing, such as pants and skirts. Usually kana.
- 掛ける: To hook/hang something on one's body, such as glasses, bags, pendants. Usually kana.
- 被る: To wear on/cover the head/face, such as hats and masks.
- 嵌める: To put on something that envelops, such as rings and gloves. Usually kana.
- 羽織る: To wear items not through sleeves, but e.g. by putting on one's shoulders and fastening buttons, such as coats and gowns. See 羽織.
- 着ける: To wear something, encompasses 着る, はく, etc. and includes accessories (glasses, necklaces, rings, etc.). Often in kana or as 付ける.
- 身に着ける: Essentially the same as 着ける. Often with つける in kana or with 付ける.
- 着する: Essentially the same as 着ける, though more formal.
- 着用(する): Essentially the same as 着ける, though more formal.
- する: To wear accessories (glasses, necklaces, rings, etc.), to be showing an expression, to have a certain quality, etc.
- 纏う: To wrap or wear something around the whole of or part of one's body. Usually kana.

Other verbs:
- 佩く: To affix to one's hip, such as a sword. Usually kana.
- 帯びる: To wear, to carry, usually of a sword on one's hip or an insignia.
- 提げる: To hang from the shoulder or waist or hold hanging from the hand. Also as 下げる.
- 突っかける: To slip on, to quickly wear shoes, slippers, etc.
- 召す: Honorific (尊敬語) form for 着る, e.g. 和服をお召しになる.

Sources:
- 使い方の分かる 類語例解辞典
- 大辞林
- 明鏡国語辞典
- Tofugu

"to cause to become", transitive counterpart to なる

行う is basically similar to する but 行う sounds more formal and stiff.
The more formal the situation is, the more likely 行う is chosen.
It can also be used in sentences where it usually sounds grandiose.
It can also appear in casual conversations.
There is also a verb 執り行う which sounds even stiffer and is only used with big ceremonies such as wedding ceremonies.

To wear small items (necktie, watch etc.)

する is one of the two irregular verb conjugations. To conjugate into this present form you would use します.

I have things suru(to do).

Mr. Sulu has a lot To Do on board the Enterprise.

Monkey (さる) see, monkey do (する)

Suru sounds like sudo, a Linux codeword that means "Super User DO."

To conjugate する, I like to think that it’s a godan and an ichidan verb at the same time. So to conjugate the stem the ichidan would do する -> す and the godan would do す -> し. Then I know that the stem of する is し.

This verb will conjugate to 行って in て form

iku is more typical, and yuku sounds more literary/poetic.
yuku is found in songs typically.

Ick! (IKU)
How I (an introvert) respond when someone asks if I want to go out

I (い) coo(く)k something to take TO GO.

It’s (い) cool (く) to go fun places

I(い) coo(く)k something for us when you visit me

To go, to take a lea-ku

Agreement seeker particle.

Basically the same as "isn't it" in English, or "innit" if you're Bri'ish.

This particle goes always at the end of the sentence. It can ask for a confirmation or it can be used when you are being rethorical. Examples:

今日の天気は良いですね。
Today's weather is good, isn't it? (being rethorical).

これはカオちゃんの本ですね？
This is kao chan's book, right? (asking for a confirmation)

This particle can also be used with particle よ, this is kind of similar to being rethorical, but with more emphasis.

In Boku No Hero Academia, MIDORIya's hair is green.

"ME DORY!" (from Finding Nemo). "I'm green! ...or am I blue?" *confused Dory noises*

Or if it's easier, Dory's yellow tail plus blue body make green when combined :)

Too many Midori (the alcoholic drink) and Sprites will make you green 🤢

*asking a toddler*
"what did you paint green?"
"みどり!" (my door)

Midori in space patrol luluco has green skin.

Midoriyama (緑山) is the longtime home of Sasuke, AKA the original ninja warrior competition. The location, fittingly, is a mountain with plenty of greenery, and is a good way to memorize both midori and yama.

‘MIDORI GREEN’ is a green fluorescent dye used in molecular biology, I wonder where it comes from :)

SO, TOday I'll go outside.

I have a SOTO (sore toe) from walking outside without shoes