If A
44
知りたければ、彼女に直接聞いてよ。
If you want to know, you should ask her directly about it.
20
これらの日でご都合が悪ければご連絡ください。
If these days are not convenient for you, please let us know.
18
面白ければどんな本でもいいですよ。
If it is interesting, any book will do.
15
諦めずに歩き続ければ、進歩するでしょう。
If you keep trying, you will make progress.
27
外国人が日本で運転したければ国際免許が必要だ。
If foreigners want to drive in Japan, an international driver's license is needed.
12
この世界に戦争なんてなければよいのに。
If only there were no wars in the world.
Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
for positive formsBasic Examples:
キリンであれば (if it's a giraffe)
Basic Examples:
赤ければ (if it's red)
Dict. Form
Conjugated
あげる
あげれば
おす
おせば
かう
かえば
かく
かけば
くる
くれば
しぬ
しねば
Dict. Form
Conjugated
とる
とれば
もつ
もてば
よぶ
よべば
よむ
よめば
いそぐ
いそげば
する
すれば
Basic Examples:
できれば (if (I) can)
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
for negative formsBasic Examples:
くもじゃなければ (if it's not a spider)
Basic Examples:
おいしくなければ (if it's not delicious)
Basic Examples:
静かじゃなければ (if it's not quiet)
Basic Examples:
(歩かなければ) (if I don't walk)
Related Expressions
たら
なら
なら
Where this grammar is found
Grammar usage notes
A + ば, B
Meanings when B is non-past:
"If (and only if) A, B"
"If one does something, B state/event will be brought"
"If A state, one will do something or event will be brought"
Meanings when B is past:
"If A had happened, B could / would have happened"
Functions:
- Describe what will happen or what one will do under a hypothesized state or situation.
- Describe what would have happened or could have happened under a hypothesized state or situation.
Rules:
A can be volitional or non-volitional.
B can be volitional only if A is non-volitional.
(This means B can be a volitional action, desire, command, request, invitation, suggestion, or advice--only if A is not.)
(When both A and B are volitional, use ~たら.)
Examples:
1. A non-volitional, B volitional: implies a lack of choice
明日天気がよければ、シカゴへあそびに行こうと思っています。
If the weather is good tomorrow, I think I might go hang out in Chicago.
2. A non-volitional, B non-volitional: usually used in past tense "would/could have"
このページを読めば、この問題の答えが分かります。
If I was able to read this page, I could solve this problem.
(Maybe I can't see the page clearly, or I can't read the words.)
夕べ、となりの部屋が静かならば、今ねむくなかった。
Last night if it had been quiet next door, I wouldn't be so sleepy now.
3. A volitional, B non-volitional: expresses a desired outcome
今日宿題をすれば、明日あそびにいきます。
Only if I study today will I go have fun tomorrow.
Meanings when B is non-past:
"If (and only if) A, B"
"If one does something, B state/event will be brought"
"If A state, one will do something or event will be brought"
Meanings when B is past:
"If A had happened, B could / would have happened"
Functions:
- Describe what will happen or what one will do under a hypothesized state or situation.
- Describe what would have happened or could have happened under a hypothesized state or situation.
Rules:
A can be volitional or non-volitional.
B can be volitional only if A is non-volitional.
(This means B can be a volitional action, desire, command, request, invitation, suggestion, or advice--only if A is not.)
(When both A and B are volitional, use ~たら.)
Examples:
1. A non-volitional, B volitional: implies a lack of choice
明日天気がよければ、シカゴへあそびに行こうと思っています。
If the weather is good tomorrow, I think I might go hang out in Chicago.
2. A non-volitional, B non-volitional: usually used in past tense "would/could have"
このページを読めば、この問題の答えが分かります。
If I was able to read this page, I could solve this problem.
(Maybe I can't see the page clearly, or I can't read the words.)
夕べ、となりの部屋が静かならば、今ねむくなかった。
Last night if it had been quiet next door, I wouldn't be so sleepy now.
3. A volitional, B non-volitional: expresses a desired outcome
今日宿題をすれば、明日あそびにいきます。
Only if I study today will I go have fun tomorrow.
In informal speech "ければ" may be replaced with "けりゃ"
e.g.
無けりゃ = 無ければ = if not
欲しけりゃ = 欲しければ = if wanted
e.g.
無けりゃ = 無ければ = if not
欲しけりゃ = 欲しければ = if wanted
Questions/Discussion
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