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Pre-Intermediate Grammar (N4) > Grammar for Jumble Quizzes
Includes: かた, やすい, にくい, おわる, より, より, てもいい, しまう, しまう, ておく, なくてはいけない/ならない, ない方がいい, ことがある, んです, んですが/んだが, そう, か, かどうか, すぎる, にいく, にくる, にかえる, させる (使役), ことが出来る, ことが出来る, より~の方が~, と~と、どちらが~, ていく, 条件形, しか~ない, でも, ござる／ございます, でござる／でございます, ~ちゃ、~じゃ, ~ちゃ、~じゃ, お~する、ご~する, お~する、ご~する, 尊敬語, しまう, 合う, どうしても, で, に, だけど, てくれてありがとう, はいけない, も, を, 受身
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かた
1. How to A; Way/style of A
日 本 の 漫 画 の 読 み 方 は 右 か ら 左 だ 。 
The way to read a Japanese comic is from right to left.
やすい
1. A is easy to do
日 本 人 は いつでも 、 箸 の 方 が たべやすいです 。 
For Japanese people, it's always easier to use chopsticks when they eat.
にくい
1. A is hard/difficult to do
あなた の 質 問 は 答 え にくい 。 
Your question is hard to answer.
おわる
1. To finish A; A ends
朝 ご 飯 を 食 べ 終 わ っ た あとで お 風 呂 に 入 り ま し た 。 
I took a bath after I finished eating breakfast.
より
1. A is C-er than B; A is more C than B (comparison).
ピカチュー は あなた よ り 頭 が い い み た い だ な ぁ 。 
It seems like Pikachu is smarter than you.
より
1. A is not as C as B
あっち の ラーメン 屋 は この 店 よ り 高 く な い よ 。 
That ramen place is not as expensive as this place.
てもいい
1. It is alright to A; the subject may A; it's alright if A (condition)
そ う 心 配 し なくてもいい よ 。 
You don't have to worry so much.
てしまう
1. To finish/complete A
作 文 は 書 い て し ま い ま し た か 。 
Have you finished writing your composition?
てしまう
1. A occurs (shows embarrassment / regret / disappointment over the action A)
２日 後 に 食 べ 物 が 無 く な っ て し ま っ た 。 
After two days our food ran out.
ておく
1. To do A in advance; do A as preparation for something else
(used with transitive verbs)
あなた の 名 前 と 住 所 を 書 き 留 め て 置 き ま し ょ う 。 
I will write down your name and address.
なくてはいけない
1. Must do A; have to A
だ け ど 、 明日 は お 客 さ ん と も 会わなくちゃいけない し ・・・ 。 
But I have an appointment with my client tomorrow.
ない方がいい
1. It would be better to not A
彼 女 は 今 怒 っ て い る の で 話 さ な い 方 が い い 。 
She's angry right now, so it's better to not speak to her.
ことがある
1. There are times when A (occurs/exists)
その 二 人 は 仲 が とても よい が 、 大 喧 嘩 する こと が ある 。 
Those two get along very well, but there are times when they have big fights.
んです
1. The reason/explanation is A
君 の 気 持 ち は 受 け 取 り ま し た 。 で も 私 結 婚 し て る ん で す 。 
I've gotten (understand) your feelings, but I'm married.
んですが
1. Introduces a request, invitation, or asking for permission
The actual request may not be stated, and is implied by stating some problem or issue (with the request being to fix the problem).
この 自 動 販 売 機 、 動 か な い ん で す が 。 
This vending machine isn't working.
そうだ
1. A is spoken by/heard from someone/something else
聞 い た ？ レ ッ ド ソ ッ ク ス は 昨日 勝 っ た そ う だ ！ 
Did you hear? (I heard) The Red Sox won yesterday!
か
1. A is a question within the sentence
この パ ー テ ィ ー は いつ な の か 、 友 達 に 聞 い て み よ う 。 
Let's try asking a friend when this party is.
かどうか
1. Whether or not A
あの 子 供 は 顔 を 見 て も 、 男 か どう か 全 然 分 か ら な い 。 
Even if I look at that child's face, I don't know if the child is a boy or not.
すぎる
1. Too much A; A is excessive
この カレー は 辛 すぎて 食 べ ら れ な い ！ 
This curry is too spicy; I can't eat it!
にいく
1. Go (somewhere) in order to A
私 の 町 は 店 が 殆 ど な い の で よく 東 京 へ 買 い 物 を し に 行 き ま す 。 
There are hardly any stores in my town, so I often go to Tokyo to shop.
にくる
1. Come (here) in order to A
君 は 手 伝 い に 来 て くれた の ？ ありがとう 、 助 か り ま し た ！ 
You came to help me? Thanks a lot!
にかえる
1. Return (home) in order to A
冬 休 み 中 、 実 家 へ 家 族 に 会 い に 帰 る 大 学 生 は 多 い 。 
There are a lot of college students who return home during winter holiday to see their families.
Causative
1. Make (somebody) A, this is coercive or forced onto the object of the sentence.
お 母 さ ん 、 いや ！ 私 は 先 週 や っ た の で 、 今 度 は お 兄 さ ん に 片 付 け さ せ て 。 
No, mom! I did it last week, so make (my) brother clean up this time.
ことが出来る
1. Be able to A; can do A
あなた の おかげで 、 私 は 早 く 終 え る こと が できました 。 
Thanks to your help, I was able to finish early.
ことが出来る
1. Can A; be possible to A (possibility of the subject to do A)
「 乗 り 放 題 」 という 切 符 を 買 っ た ら 、 何 回 で も 電 車 に のる こと が できる 。 
If you buy an all-you-can-ride ticket, it's possible to ride the train as many times as you like.
より~の方が~
1. B is more C than A
この 自 転 車 よ り その バ イ ク の 方 が 格好 い い ！ 
That motorbike is cooler than this bicycle.
と~と、どちらが~
1. Which is more C; A or B
これ と あれ と で は 、 どちら が 安 い の で す か 。 
Which is cheaper, this or that?
ていく
1. To get to A
Shows a change over time
しゅじゅつ が 終 わ っ た の で 、 これから 痛 み が 消 え て い く よ 。 
The surgery is finished, so the pain will begin to disappear.
Conditional Form
1. If A
外 国 人 が 日 本 で 運 転 し た け れ ば 国 際 免 許 が 必 要 だ 。 
If foreigners want to drive in Japan, an international driver's license is needed.
でも
1. Any A (anywhere, anybody, anytime, etc.)
いつでも それ を 使 っ て ください 。 
You may use it any time.
ござる／ございます
1. ござる is the polite form of ある.
お 荷 物 は いくつ ございます か 。 
How much baggage do you have?
でござる／でございます
1. でござる is the polite form of である.
交 換 台 で ございます 。 
This is the operator.
ちゃ、~じゃ
1. じゃ is a casual form of では
いや 、 それじゃ だめ だ 。 逆 に な る ように 回 し て ご 覧 。 
No, that's not the right way. You have to turn it the other way round.
Humble verbs
1. Humble form of A
旦 那 の カ ー ド を お 借 り し て バ ッ グ を 買 っ た 。 
I borrowed my husband's credit card and bought a bag.
Humble verbs
1. Humble form of する verbs
図 書 室 な ら 私 が ご 案 内 し ま し ょ う 。 
As to the library I'll show you (there).
Respectful verbs
1. Respectful form of A
There are several words which do not use the above conjugations, but have special respectful forms. These are given below:
Regular Form Respectful Form
見る/みる ご覧になる/ごらんになる
知る/しる 御存知/ごぞんじ
行く/いく いらっしゃる
来る/くる いらっしゃる
居る/いる いらっしゃる
くれる 下さる/くださる
言う/いう おっしゃる
行く/いく おいでになる
行く/ゆく おいでになる
居る/いる おいでになる
食べる/たべる 召し上がる/めしあがる
飲む/のむ 召し上がる/めしあがる
来る/くる おいでになる
する なさる
さ あ 、 お 召 し 上 が り ください 。 
Alright, please eat!
をしまう
1. To put away A
財 布 をしまって おきなさい 。 
Put away your wallet.
合う
1. To do A together/mutually
ア ラ ン と 私 は しばらく の 間 お 互 い に 見 つめ 合 っ た 。 
Alan and I looked at one another for a while.
に
1. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
咲子えみこは よ く 先 生 に 呼 ば れ て 、 叱 ら れ て い た 。 
Emiko was often called and scolded by the teacher.
てくれてありがとう
1. Thank you for doing A
今日 は 私 の 誕 生 日 パ ー テ ィ ー に 来 て くれて ありがとう 。 
Thank you for coming to my birthday party today.
も
1. Even [T], not even A
The negative form (not even) can be identified when the verb following the も is in the negative form.
高 田 君 は 歌 だ け で な く 絵 も 上 手 で 、 皆 驚 き ま し た 。 
Everyone was surprised because Takada is good at not just singing but drawing as well.
しか~ない
1. Only A; no more than A
すみません が 、 日 本 語 の 名 刺 し か 持 っ て い な い ん で す け ど 。 
Sorry, I only have a Japanese (-language) business card.
て/で
1. Because of A; Due to A
すみません 、 雪 で 電 車 が 遅 れ ま し た 。 
Sorry, the train was late because of the snow.
だけど
1. A, however/but B
だ け ど 急 に どうして そ ん な こと を 言 う の ？ 
But, why would would you say such a thing so suddenly?
Passive
1. A does B
The passive form can be used as an honorific form, so A would be someone above the speaker (boss, customer, etc.)
彼 が 運 転 さ れ ま し た 。 
He drove.
はいけない
1. Don't A; Don't be a(n) A
をしている
1. Shows state A
彼 女 は 東 京 で シ ス テ ム エ ン ジ ニ ア を している 。 
She is a systems engineer in Tokyo.
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