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Without A..ing
夕ゆう飯はんを 食たべ ず に 寝ねて し ま っ た 。 
I fell asleep without eating dinner.
50
先 生 は 、 生 徒 の 意 見 を 聞 か ず に 一 人 で 決 め ま し た 。 
The teacher decided by herself, without listening to the students' opinions.
42
お 父 さ ん 、 今朝 着 替 え ず に 仕 事 に 行 っ て し ま っ た 
My father went to work this morning without changing his clothes!
54
朝 ご 飯 を 食 べ ず に 学 校 に 行 っ た 。 
I went to school without eating breakfast.
10
私 は 間 違 わ ず に 英 語 を 話 せ な い 。 
I cannot speak English without making some mistakes.
24
学 生 は 何 も 言 わ ず に 行 っ て し ま っ た 。 
The student left without saying anything.
24
ノ ッ ク を せ ず に 私 の 部屋 に 入 っ て く る な 。 
Don't come into my room without knocking.
24
卵 を 割 ら ず に オ ム レ ツ は 作 れ な い 。 
You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs.
12
電 気 は 消 さ ず に 行 っ て ください 。 
Please go without turning out the lights.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb: ない form
-ない
ず
に
Dict. Form
Conjugated
あげる
あげず
おす
おさず
かう
かわず
かく
かかず
くる
こず
しぬ
しなず
Dict. Form
Conjugated
とる
とらず
もつ
もたず
よぶ
よばず
よむ
よまず
いそぐ
いそがず
する
せず
Basic Examples:
帰らずに (without going home)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Because this is grammar from classical Japanese, it is used mainly in writing.
0
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秋子ちゃん
Level: 1
although this could be said to be more classical grammar, it is not as old as ぬ.
where as ずに is mainly used in writing it can be used in spoken, where as ぬ is almost entirely only used within writing.
0
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shirothekiller
Level: 1
A variant of this grammar is to use it with adjective.

"Event B (adjective) happens/exists without event A"

姉は 化粧を せずに きれいなんだ。
My sister is beautiful without putting make-up.

the も particle, ～さえ, ～でも, and the likes could be used as an emphasis.

…化粧を せずに も きれいだ。
...is beautiful even without putting make-up.
0
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naikou3611
Level: 10

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
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onlyforyou
Level: 1
I'm trying to refresh my memory without searching the grammar database but I'm drawing a blank. The verbal way to use this is....?? Like when speaking.
0
14 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Maybe just ...‾ないで?, or are you looking for something more formal?
0
14 years ago
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onlyforyou
Level: 1
I was looking for something a little more formal, yes,^^;;
I always tend to feel like I'm being too informal.
0
14 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
I'm pretty sure ずに would come across as formal in spoken language. Hmm..listening to the teachers around me, I will also hear (in speeches, whatever) something along the lines of

諦めることなく、

Although that also (I believe) has a bit more punch to it.

Back to the issue, though, I'm pretty sure a ずに followed by an appropriate conjugation at the end of the sentence would be as polite as you need to be. If I remember (my mind is a bit spotty, so I probably won't), I'll ask someone tomorrow.
0
14 years ago
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shirokitsune
Level: 1332

While reading a children's novel I came across just ず with no に。It has the phrase 聞かず、does the comma replace the に in this writing or am I looking at some other grammar point that I am just unaware of.

2
9 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292

Just looked it up - they are slightly different.


ずに meanings "without", as in, A ずに B = "doing B without doing A"

Here's an example:

切手を貼らずに手紙を出してしまった。 Shows you not doing something you'd normally do with the following action.


途中であきらめず、最後まで頑張ってください。

Not quite the same - in this case, it is "don't do A, do B"


出発前日まで予約が取れず、心配させられました。

In this case, it shows a tight link between the lack of A and it causing B. In this case, "I didn't/couldn't do A, so B"


These examples, by the way, are from the EXCELLENT 日本語文型辞典. It's made for teachers of Japanese, or high level students. Very, very good explanations (although it's 100% Japanese)


http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9...

14
9 years ago
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shirokitsune
Level: 1332

Thanks for the help. I think once I get a little stronger in Japanese I will pick up that book.

0
9 years ago
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Kiraraxa
Level: 277

Hey everybody:-) quick question - I saw in one of the examples for 代わる that this form is used without the に - so, ...いつもと代わらず健康... is this a mistake, a different grammar or maybe an exception? Thank you:-)kao_yoroshiku.png

0
3 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292

I did a quick search, and came up with this note: 大ざっぱにいえば、 「ずに」＝「ないで」、 「ず」＝「なくて」です。

So, ずに and ず can both be used depending on the structure of the sentence.

More info: https://detail.chiebukuro.yaho...

2
3 years ago
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compmyon
Level: 1052

The に is optional in this. More accurately, ず can stand in for either ないで or なくて.

0
9 months ago
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