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Polite, present form of verb A
62
今日 は 、 会 議 に は 出 ま せ ん 。 
Today, I cannot attend the meeting.
2
22
此 れ か ら 試 験 の 勉 強 を 始 め ま す 。 
After this we'll start studying for the test.
0
6
学 生 は 書 き ま す 。 
The students write.
2
17
お 母 さ ん は 帰 り ま せ ん 。 
Mom does not return home.
0
7
友 達 は 泳 ぎ ま せ ん 。 
My friend does not swim.
0
2
私 は 急 ぎ ま せ ん 。 
I do not hurry.
0
30
友 達 に 良 く 電 話 を 掛 け ま す 。 
I often call my friends.　
3
37
良 く 漢 字 を 間 違 え ま す 。 
I often make mistakes with kanji.
0
4
私 は 毎 日 １２ 時 に 昼 ご 飯 を 食 べ ま す 。 
I eat lunch every day at 12.
0
13
１０ 時 過 ぎ な ら 話 す 時 間 が 在 り ま す よ 。 
If it's after 10 o'clock, I have time to talk.
0
15
烟草 は 吸 い ま す か 
Do you smoke?
1
15
荷 物 は 三 つ 有 り ま す 。 
I have three pieces of baggage.
4
9
君 は 六 時 に 起 き ま す か 。 
Do you get up at six?
0
13
台 所 に は 卵 が 幾 つ 有 り ま す か 。 
How many eggs are there in the kitchen?
0
18
彼 ら は 体 育 館 に 集 ま り ま す 。 
They gather in the gym.
0
18
料 理 の 仕 方 が 分 か り ま せ ん 。 
I don't know how to cook.
0
7
私 の 寝 る 場 所 が 有 り ま せ ん 。 
I don't have a place to sleep.
0
5
時 間 が 有 る 時 、 料 理 を 作 り ま す 。 
I cook food when I have time.
0
3
直 ぐ に 行 き ま す 。 
I'm coming at once.
0
24
ト イ レ は 彼方 に 有 り ま す 。 
The toilet is over there.
0
3
電 気 が 付 い て 居 ま す 。 
The electricity is on. / The lights are on.
0
35
い い え 、 歌 い ま せ ん 。 
No, I'm not singing.
0
8
フレッド の 家 に は 部屋 が 五 つ 有 り ま す 。 
Fred's house has five rooms.
0
14
近 く に 映 画 館 は 有 り ま す か 。 
Are there any movie theaters near here?
0
1
学 校 は 朝 八 時 か ら 始 ま り ま す 。 
Our school begins at eight in the morning.
0
11
汽 車 は 未 だ 着 き ま せ ん 。 
The train has not arrived yet.
2
14
何時 出 か け ま す か 。 
When will you leave?
0
9
私 は 夜 遅 く に 寝 ま す 。 
I go to bed late at night.
0
9
他 の 国 を 回 り ま す か 。 
Are you going to visit any other countries?
0
1
私 は コ ン ピ ュ ー タ ー を 持 っ て 居 ま す 。 
I have a computer.
0
6
今 成田 空 港 に 居 ま す 。 
I'm at Narita Airport right now.
0
7
私 は 英吉利 に 友 達 が 居 ま す 。 
I have a friend in England.
0
6
何 か 熱 い 飲 み 物 が 有 り ま す か 。 
Do you have anything hot?
0
10
今 月 一 杯 此処 に 居 ま す 。 
I will stay here all this month.
0
14
学 校 に 行 く 時 は 帽 子 を 被 り ま す 。 
I put on a cap when I go to school.
0
31
日 曜 日 は 仕 事 を 為 ま せ ん 。 
I don’t work on Sundays.
0
7
其 の 仕 事 は ６ 時 に 終 わ り ま す 。 
That work will finish at 6 o'clock.
0
0
で は 誰 が 最 初 に 発 表 し ま す か 。 
Well then, who will present first?
0
22
家 の 猫 は 台 所 に 居 ま す 。 
Our cat is in the kitchen.
0
7
私 は ア パ ー ト に 住 ん で 居 ま す 。 
I live in an apartment.
0
11
直 ぐ に 返 事 を 書 き ま す 。 
I will write you back soon.
1
7
ト イ レ の 水 が 止 ま り ま せ ん よ 。 
The toilet won't stop running.
0
17
ビ ー ル は 余 り 沢 山 飲 み ま せ ん 。 
I don't drink much beer.
2
14
私 は 殆 ど 毎 日 お 風 呂 に 入 り ま す 。 
I take a bath almost every day.
0
16
直 ぐ に 戻 り ま す 。 
I'll be back in a second.
0
9
私 は ピ ア ノ を 弾 き ま す 。 
I play the piano.
0
3
私 は 英 語 に 興 味 が 有 り ま す 。 
I am interested in English.
0
9
其 の 男 の 子 は 向 こ う に 居 ま す 。 
The boy is over there.
0
12
其 の 女 の 子 は 歌 を 上 手 に 歌 い ま す 。 
That girl sings very well.
0
18
其 の 新 し い 店 は 来 週 開 き ま す 。 
The new store is going to open next week.
0
47
私 は 、 今 何 も 要 り ま せ ん 。 
I don't need anything now.
0
15
そ う 思 い ま す 。 
That is what I think.
0
3
又 近 い う ち に 電 話 し ま す 。 
I'll call you again sometime soon.
0
-30
貴方 は 箱 を 作 り ま す 。 
You make a box.
4
2
お 父 さ ん は 台 所 に 居 ま す か 。 
Is father in the kitchen?
0

Getting the sentences
List
Verbs
You’re ready to branch out into conjugating and using other verbs!
Before we look at the rules, though, let’s talk about Japanese verbs in general.
Verb Politeness
Japanese verbs have differing levels of politeness. There are two main ones: polite, and plain/casual.
Japanese verbs have differing levels of politeness. There are two main ones: polite, and plain/casual.
These are used the majority of the time, but we’re going to focus on the polite form today.
You can’t go wrong with using polite forms, and you should stay with them until you are comfortable with casual verbs.
Good news! Unlike English, verbs do not change based on the subject. So “I”, “he”, “you”, etc. all use the same verb.
There are only 2 irregular verbs in the whole language! All other verbs follow one of two patterns.
Verb stems
Verb stems are a chunk of the verb that are used in various verb conjugations.
Verb stems are a chunk of the verb that are used in various verb conjugations.
The rules for verb stems depend on what type of verb it is, and this is most easily identified by looking at the last character of the verb.
You do not need to remember all of these now! You’ll see them again in your mastery schedule.
Additionally, you can study them under Resources > Community Lists > Grammar.
たべる → たべ
あける → あけ
いれる → いれ
There are three kinds of verbs: Ichidan (or ‘1-step’), Godan (‘5-step’), and irregular. The above, たべる, is an example of Ichidan.
There are three kinds of verbs: Ichidan (or ‘1-step’), Godan (‘5-step’), and irregular. The above, たべる, is an example of Ichidan.
The dictionary form always ends in る (but unfortunately, not all verbs that end in る are Ichidan).
They are called ‘1-step’ because it takes just one step to adjust the verb before conjugating.
All you have to do is drop the る, then you have your verb stem!
Here’s another example (to open).
And one more (to put in/insert)!
かく → かき
あう → あい
もつ → もち
かく (to write) is an example of a Godan verb. If a verb doesn’t end in る, it’s Godan.
かく (to write) is an example of a Godan verb. If a verb doesn’t end in る, it’s Godan.
They are called 5-step because they use all 5 ‘steps’ (vowels) during conjugation.
For verb stems, though, we just need one!
か
き
く
け
こ
Take the last character (く, with the 'u' sound) and change it to き (with the 'i' sound).
あ
い
う
え
お
That means verbs ending in う (u) change to い (i).
た
ち
つ
て
と
While ones with つ (tsu) change to ち (chi).
きる → きり
As I noted earlier, there are Godan る (change る to り) verbs and Ichidan る (drop the る) verbs.
As I noted earlier, there are Godan る (change る to り) verbs and Ichidan る (drop the る) verbs.
Here, きる (to cut) is an example of a Godan る verb.
Unfortunately, there is no exact rule to remember which is which. You’ll just pick it up as you study them.
する → し
くる → き
There are only two irregular verbs: する (to do), and くる (to come).
There are only two irregular verbs: する (to do), and くる (to come).
The verb stem of する is し, and the verb stem of くる is き.
Verb stem + ます
The first form is the “ます”-form, or the polite, non-past form.
The first form is the “ます”-form, or the polite, non-past form.
We say “non-past” because it can be used for present or future situations.
All you have to do is take the verb stem we learned before and add ます to it.
たべる → たべます
(Ichidan)
いれる → いれます
(Ichidan)
かく → かきます
(Godan)
あう → あいます
(Godan)
する → します
(irregular)
くる → きます
(irregular)
This would be (I/he/they/etc) eat/eats.
This would be (I/he/they/etc) eat/eats.
This is (I/he/she) put/puts in.
And this is write/writes.
This is meet/meets.
This is do/does.
Lastly, this is come/comes.
Verb stem + ません
たべる → たべません
(Ichidan)
かく → かきません
(Godan)
する → しません
(irregular)
Formed the same way, ません is used to show a polite, negative verb.
Formed the same way, ません is used to show a polite, negative verb.
This would be (I/he/they/etc) don’t/doesn’t eat.
And this is don’t/doesn’t write.
Lastly, this is don't/doesn't.
わたし は たべます。
かれ は かきます。
Let’s take our AはBです sentence and swap out です for our new verbs.
Let’s take our AはBです sentence and swap out です for our new verbs.
This would be “I eat.”
And this is “He writes.”
We’ll get to adding things like direct objects, locations, etc., in the next lesson!
I know this seems like a lot, but these two verb tenses will take us a long way.
I know this seems like a lot, but these two verb tenses will take us a long way.
As I mentioned before, in addition to your mastery schedule, check out the “Verb Conjugation” quizzes under Resources > Community Lists > Grammar.
1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Change the last character from it's 'u' form to the 'i' form.
む (mu) => み (mi)
す (su) => し (shi)
う (u) => い (i)
ぬ (nu) => に (ni)
つ (tsu) => ち (chi)
ぶ (bu) => び (bi)
く (ku) => き (ki)
ぐ (gu) => ぎ (gi)
る (ru) => り (ri)
Ichidan verbs
1. Remove the る from the end of the verb.

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to し.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to き.


2a. Add ます to make the positive form.
2b. Add ません to make the negative form.
Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> かき
2a. かき -> かきます (write)
2b. かき -> かきません (don't write)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべ
2a. たべ -> たべます (eat)
2b. たべ -> たべません (don't eat)
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

There is a way to tell some of the ichidan and godan verbs apart.

If the verb ends in -る and the sound that precedes it is either あ、お、or う, then it is always a godan verb (-うverb).

例 (Example):

やる y/aru = godan verb (○ やります | × やます)
つまる tsum/aru = godan verb (○ つまります | × つます)

ほる h/oru = godan verb (○ のります | × のます)
のぼる nob/oru = godan verb (○ のぼります | × のぼます)

ぬる n/uru = godan verb (○ ぬります | × ぬます)
つる ts/uru = godan verb (○ つります | × つます)

If the verb ends in -る and the sound that precedes it is either い or え, then those are the ones that you have to memorize as they could either be a ichidan or godan verb.
110
0
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宮本勝利
Level: 1
When a verb is in its ます form but you remove the ます, so for example 食べます - ます = 食べ, you get what we call the stem of the verb.
In other words, to find the stem of a verb you remove ます when it's in ます form.
9
0
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リンク・リンク
Level: 1437

Questions/Discussion

Would, "The children do not add," have been grammatically incorrect? Wasn't that one of the options provided, or did I read it wrong? To me, it seemed more logical for children to not do addition than for children to not stand.
1
0
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JulieJulie
Level: 510
If you're referring to a specific sentence, there is a discussion link under each sentence for sentence-specific discussion. This is more for the grammar as a whole.
2
0
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マイコー
Level: 342
I have a question regarding how to answer each quiz question on this topic. Most of the time, I'm presented with 4 answers all that have the same form (ます or ません), but a different verb stem, so if I haven't learned the base verbs yet, how am I supposed to know which one to pick? Thanks!
58
0
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DeftLemon
Level: 92
I also agree. They should put the dictionary verb and then allow us to conjugate it correctly.
16
0
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karmajin
Level: 166
The partner schedule for vocabulary has all the words that are used in the grammar quizzes. As long as you clear out all the new words in the word schedule before starting the new grammar, you'll be ok :).
0
0
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マイコー
Level: 342

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
avatar
宮本勝利
Level: 1
There is a way to tell some of the ichidan and godan verbs apart.

If the verb ends in -る and the sound that precedes it is either あ、お、or う, then it is always a godan verb (-うverb).

例 (Example):

やる y/aru = godan verb (○ やります | × やます)
つまる tsum/aru = godan verb (○ つまります | × つます)

ほる h/oru = godan verb (○ のります | × のます)
のぼる nob/oru = godan verb (○ のぼります | × のぼます)

ぬる n/uru = godan verb (○ ぬります | × ぬます)
つる ts/uru = godan verb (○ つります | × つます)

If the verb ends in -る and the sound that precedes it is either い or え, then those are the ones that you have to memorize as they could either be a ichidan or godan verb.

EDIT: Forgot that I could just add it to the usage note. Been so long hahah
87
16 years ago
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fareastfurfaro
Level: 1
Never knew that, interesting!
5
16 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 342
Thanks - I went ahead and added it into the actual explanation since it's a direct correction to information already in there.
8
16 years ago
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warun
Level: 1
are する　and くる　godan verbs? the vowel sound preceding る　is う. Or did I misinterpret something? Call me dumb but I'm just confused since it was written under ichidan.
4
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 342
する and くる are best thought of as CRAZY verbs. Or, put another way, する is its own verb type, and くる is its own verb type. They follow their own rules, and should not be grouped with anything else when it comes to usage rules.
10
15 years ago
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warun
Level: 1
ah, it makes sense now.
2
15 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 910
Maybe it's just my imagination... but I realized, that verbs where the kanji is followed by two (or more) kana are ichidan. ex.: 伸びる(の.びる) 変える(か.える) 見せる(み.せる) 止める(と.める) 食べる(た.べる) 答える(こた.える) 忘れる(わす.れる) 生まれる(う.まれる) The potential forms of verbs, which has an e-stem, also has an ichidan conjugation: 読む(よ.む godan)--->読める(よ.める potential, ichidan) If the kanji of a 3(or more?)-syllable verb is followed by only る it is usually godan. ex.: 帰る(かえ.る) 参る(まい.る) 辷る(すべ.る) With this only 2-syllable verbs are still troublesome.
10
13 years ago
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mysticfive
Level: 2396
Unfortunately that doesn't always work. for example, with the transitive verbs that you listed, there is always an intransitive pair that goes with it that also has 2 送り仮名 and those verbs are not １段: so in the order you gave, 伸ばす、変わる、止まる all are　5段 verbs
4
13 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 910
Ah... I understand what you mean, but the verbs you listed are [i]obviously[/i] 5段. I didn't think, I had to point it out since it was clearly explained in the grammar section. Only verbs that end on ~る with a preceding i-sound or e-sound syllable could technically be １段. I was referring to only this group of verbs where it is actually difficult to tell １段 verbs apart from 5段 verbs. I hope I have expressed myself more clearly now.(^_^; Do you still see a problem there?
9
13 years ago
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めぐ___
Level: 62

I just want to thank you so much for this good lesson and for the good explanation I really love this app so much and it's very helpful

12
4 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 342

Unfortunately not. Just queried renshuu's database, there are roughly 1,000 godan verbs that match that pattern. 閉まる（しまる) is a good example.

0
1 year ago
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Karlla
Level: 910

A few posts up mysticfive pointed out the same thing, and I already clarified my thoughts on that. So here I go again...

We all know by now that (kuru and suru aside) all ru-verbs with a-, o- and u-stems are godan verbs. I wished to apply my observation only to the verbs with i- or e-stems, where it is sometimes unclear whether or not they are godan or ichdan.

1
1 year ago
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Marlin333
Level: 34

A memory aid for beginners like myself:

1. gOdAn 'U - o/a/u preceding ru always godan

2. i(i)chi(e)dan - (If "kanji is followed by two (or more) kana [the i/e-preceding-ru verbs] are ichidan“ - see comment from Karlla above for more detail) otherwise (ei)ther godan or ichidan.

3. All non ru ending verbs are godan.


5
1 year ago


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