Without A, B (can't be done, wouldn't be, etc.)
Suggests a conditional that without A, B wouldn't exist/be possible.
3
彼の力なくしては、我々は一勝も上げることはできなかったろう。
Without his strength, we probably would not have even won a single game.
3
先生のご指導無くして論文を書き上げることはできませんでした。
I couldn't have finished writing my thesis without your (my teacher) guidance.
2
山田氏の努力なくしては、この本が日の目を見ることはなかった。
Without Ms. Yamada's efforts, this book would have never seen the light of day.
Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
Basic Examples:
苦労なくしては成功できない (success cannot be achieved without hard work)
Where this grammar is found
User notes
まことまじま
Level: 438
(3 years ago)
Without something, would be difficult to realize what follows な く し て .
Nouns preceding pattern express desirable things. Clauses of negation follow
Nouns preceding pattern express desirable things. Clauses of negation follow
0
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