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Casual, present (non-past) positive form of A
  1. Casual, present (non-past) positive form of A
  2. Casual, present (non-past) negative form of A
73
彼 は パ ン を 食 べ る 。 
He eats bread.
0
42
毎 日 漫 画 を 読 む 。 
I read manga every day.
0
38
もう 直 ぐ 日 が 暮 れ る 。 
The day will get dark very soon.
0
18
彼 の 病 院 は 予 約 が 要 る 。 
You need an appointment for that hospital.
0
5
彼 は 古 い が い い カ メ ラ だ 。 
That is an old but good camera.
0
0
此 れ は ポ ケ ッ ト 型 の 辞 書 だ 。 
This is a pocket dictionary.
0
14
其 の 店 は １１ 時 に 閉 ま る 。 
The store closes at eleven.
0
4
沢 山 の 学 生 が ア ル バ イ ト を 為 る 。 
A lot of students do part-time jobs.
0
4
駅 は ホ テ ル の 西 の 方 に 有 る 。 
The station is to the west of the hotel.
0
7
山 の 向 こ う に 村 が 有 る 。 
There is a village over the mountain.
2
5
私 の 弟 は 私 と 同 じ ぐ ら い 良 く 勉 強 為 る 。 
My brother studies as hard as I do.
0
1
私 は ８ 時 に 約 束 が 有 る 。 
I have an appointment at 8 o'clock.
0
21
私 は テ ニ ス が 下手 だ 。 
I am bad at tennis.
0
-26
私 は 山 に 行 く 。 
I go to the mountain.
0
13
時 間 は 一 番 大 切 だ 。 
Time is the most precious thing.
2
6
切 符 を 買 う 間 私 の 鞄 を 見 て 居 て 下 さ い 。 
Keep an eye on my bag while I buy a ticket.
0
7
祖 母 は ゆ っ く り 話 す 。 
My grandmother speaks slowly.
0
16
昼 寝 て 夜 働 く 人 も 居 る 。 
There are some people who sleep in the daytime and work at night.
0
6
日 曜 日 以 外 は 毎 日 働 く 。 
I work every day except for Sundays.
0
4
彼 は 何時 も 雑 誌 を 読 む 。 
He always reads magazines.
0
4
彼 は 凄 く 元 気 だ 。 
He is doing very well.
0
4
彼 は 中 国 語 を 迚 も 上 手 に 話 す 。 
He speaks Chinese very well.
0
7
彼 は 動 物 が 好 き だ 。 
He loves animals.
0
2
彼 は 非 常 に 親 切 だ 。 
He is a very decent fellow.
0
3
彼 女 に は 男 友 達 は 多 い が 、 此 の 男 は 特 別 だ 。 
She has many guy friends, but this one guy is special.
0
0
彼 女 は 大 学 を 出 た 許 り の 英 語 の 先 生 だ 。 
She is an English teacher fresh from college.
0
2
彼 女 は 動 物 が 好 き だ 。 
She is fond of animals.
0
2
彼 女 は 普 通 ９ 時 に 寝 る 。 
She usually goes to bed at nine.
0
4
彼 女 は 毎 日 テ ニ ス 為 る 。 
She plays tennis every day.
0
12
風 は 南 へ 吹 く 。 
The wind blows south.
0
27
郵 便 局 は 図 書 館 の 隣 に 有 る 。 
The post office is adjacent to the library.
0
30
駅 で 母 と 食 事 す る 。 
I'll eat with my mother at the station.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
: Present, casual (positive)
The present casual positive form is exactly the same as the dictionary form of the verb. as you can see from the conjugation chart, there is no change in any of the forms.
Dict. Form
Conjugated
あげる
あげる
おす
おす
かう
かう
かく
かく
くる
くる
しぬ
しぬ
Dict. Form
Conjugated
とる
とる
もつ
もつ
よぶ
よぶ
よむ
よむ
いそぐ
いそぐ
する
する
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Would 食べる change form if the sentence indicated that he makes a habit of eating bread, such as "eats bread every day"?
2
avatar
JulieJulie
Level: 169
No, it wouldn't. The dictionary form indicates already that it is a habit: 毎日パンを食べる。
But if you want to stress that it is a new habit the person didn't have before, you can use ~ている: 毎日パンを食べている。
5
avatar
ハンユ38
Level: 342
 
Casual, present (non-past) negative form of A
  1. Casual, present (non-past) positive form of A
  2. Casual, present (non-past) negative form of A
28
子 供 が 病 気 だ か ら 、 学 校 に 行 か な い 。 
The child is sick and won't go to school.
0
1
カレン は 私 に 怒 っ て 居 な い 。 
Karen is not angry with me.
0

Getting the sentences
1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Change the last character from it's 'u' form to the 'a' form.
(it's easier to see these forms if the characters are also written in romaji.)
む (mu) => ま (ma)
す (su) => さ (sa)
う (u) => わ (wa)
ぬ (nu) => な (na)
つ (tsu) => た (ta)
ぶ (bu) => ば (ba)
く (ku) => か (ka)
ぐ (gu) => が (ga)
る (ru) => ら (ra)
Ichidan verbs
1. Remove the る from the end of the verb.

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to し.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to こ.
1c. ある (to be) is changed to ない.


2. Add ない to make the negative form.
Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> かか
2. かか -> かかない (don't write)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべ
2. たべ -> たべない (don't eat)
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
avatar
fareastfurfaro
Level: 1
I think 書く should be かかない instead of かきない in the example.
24
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 300
Whoops, thanks for catching the typo!
12
15 years ago
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Level: 1
KOol
4
13 years ago
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フラン
Level: 1

There is another exception for the negatives: ある becomes ない

8
8 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 300

Added it!

4
8 years ago
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タイムルート
Level: 4

Not sure if this belongs here, but a grammar quiz question (about casual present negative) had "食べられない" for "I can't eat [any more]". Is this correct? The internet says this might be a form that means "to be inedible"? Was this a goof in a user sentence?

4
8 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 300

It's a sentence that is probably a bit too high level for that quiz. It is not only this form, but also the potential form 食べられる - which means "to be able to eat/can eat" - so it does mean "can't eat", or "unable to eat" - it could mean that it is inedible, or perhaps something you cannot eat because of a personal choice or an allergy.


That being said, we are currently making a brand new batch of N5 quiz questions to better fit the difficulty level in the actual N5 test.

9
8 years ago
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デニクス
Level: 274

not sure if it belongs here but the lesson teaching about the casual form also mentioned だ and です.

regarding い adjectives it says that both です and だ *can* be dropped. This sounds misleading to me as all other sources I have seen say that it is wrong to couple い adjectives with だ since the い adjective already includes the "to be". です on the other hand is added purely to show politeness in this case and adds no meaning.

am I misinformed about this topic or is the explanation here shaky?

1
9 months ago
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1616
デニクス は 10月11日, 10:43に

… say that it is wrong to couple い adjectives with だ since the い adjective already includes the "to be".

と言いました。

I would phrase this slightly differently. Since 形容詞 (い-adjectives) inflect, they are capable of embedding the copula, but that doesn’t mean that they must always embed the copula. The way I see it, appending です or だ effectively steals the copula, perhaps by inserting a null pronoun after the adjective and converting it from a phrasal adjective to a noun modifying adjective. This may be a recent shift in usage.

For things like job interviews and classroom lessons, you are probably better off sticking with standard usage, but don’t be surprised if you hear non-standard variants on the street.

2
9 months ago
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デニクス
Level: 274
For things like job interviews and classroom lessons, you are probably better off sticking with standard usage

I am trying to understand the standard usage. That in real life だ, です and other stuff can be dropped for all sorts of reasons aside:

Isn't there a difference between だ and です regarding い-ajectives?

おいしいです。(polite)

おいしい。(informal)

or would you say おいしいだ。sounds completely natural? I am under the impression that it's techniqually wrong like おいしいでした。instead of おいしかったです。

0
9 months ago
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1616

おいしいだ sounds wrong, probably because the だ is superfluous. It’s not changing the tense or the politeness. It’s just redundant.

2
9 months ago
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