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Casual, past positive form of A
  1. Casual, past positive form of A
  2. Casual, past negative form of A
2
駅 まで 歩 い た 。 
I walked to the station.
0
私 は 昨日 学 校 を 休 ん だ 。 
I was absent from school yesterday.
0
彼 女 は 車 を 一 時 間 運 転 し た 。 
She drove (the car) for an hour.

Getting the sentences

動詞 Verbs

1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Remove the last character of the verb (dictionary form).
2. Add to the end of the verb, based on what you just removed:
If the dictionary form
of the verb ends in..		 add this!
く いた
す した
る, う, or つ った
ぬ, む, or ぶ んだ
ぐ いだ
Ichidan verbs
1. Remove the る from the end of the verb.
2. Add た to the end of the verb.

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to した.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to きた.
1c. いく (to go) is changed to いった
2. Nothing is added: した, きた, and いった are the past, casual forms.


Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> か
2. か -> かいた (wrote)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべ
2. たべ -> たべた (ate)

形容詞 Adjectives

い-adjectives
い-adjectives such as かわいい, あつい, and たかい can be conjugated by removing the い and adding かった.
Basic Examples
1. おいしい -> おいし
2. おいし -> おいしかった
な-adjectives
な-adjectives such as しんせつ, げんき, and あんぜん can be conjugated by simply adding だった.
Basic Examples
1. げんき -> げんきだった
Where this grammar is found


User notes
avatar
アイキズ
Level: 176
(4 months ago)

Remember the て-form song? It's nearly there same except replace all the てs with た

(in the tune of Santa claus is coming town)

う、つ、る　　った

む、ぶ、ぬ　　んだ

く　　　　　　いた

ぐ　　　　　　いだ

す　　　　　　した

くる　　　　　きた

する　　　　　した

いく　　　　　いった

7
avatar
Level:
(9 years ago)
Another way to look at conjugating this: put the verb in て-form, then replace the て with た (or the で with だ).
28
 
Casual, past negative form of A
  1. Casual, past positive form of A
  2. Casual, past negative form of A
8
パ ー テ ィ ー に 行 か な か っ た 。 
I didn't go to the party.
10
上 手 に 寝 な か っ た 。 
I didn't sleep well.

Getting the sentences

動詞 Verbs

1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Change the last character from it's 'u' form to the 'a' form.
(it's easier to see these forms if the characters are also written in romaji.)
む (mu) => ま (ma)
す (su) => さ (sa)
う (u) => わ (wa)
ぬ (nu) => な (na)
つ (tsu) => た (ta)
ぶ (bu) => ば (ba)
く (ku) => か (ka)
ぐ (gu) => が (ga)
る (ru) => ら (ra)
2. Add なかった to make the negative form.
Ichidan verbs
1. Remove the る from the end of the verb.
2. Add なかった to make the negative form.

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to し.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to こ.
2. Add なかった to make the negative form.


Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> かか
2. かか -> かかなかった (didn't write)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべ
2. たべ -> たべなかった (didn't eat)

形容詞 Adjectives

い-adjectives
い-adjectives such as かわいい, あつい, and たかい can be conjugated by removing the い and adding くなかった.
Basic Examples
1. おいしい -> おいし
2. おいし -> おいしくなかった
な-adjectives
な-adjectives such as しんせつ, げんき, and あんぜん can be conjugated by adding ではなかった or じゃなかった.
Basic Examples
1. げんき -> げんきじゃなかった
Where this grammar is found


User notes
avatar
Level:
(9 years ago)
This form is basically the present negative casual with the い replaced with かった. (たべる -> たべない -> たべなかった)
11

Discussion about this grammar
avatar
多美子
Level: 113
Is 行った (行く) an "irregular form" or "special case" for the casual past positive? It's on the て grammar page as "irregular," but not here ...
9
14 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
You're right! I've added a note for いく with the positive form.
4
14 years ago
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theservantirregular
Level: 1

Excuse me if I'm wrong, but shouldn't the Ichidan Conjugation Steps in the Casual, Past Negative section also have the step 2 " Add なかった to make the negative form.", or are we supposed to just infer that the step two from both the Godan and the Ichidan are the same? I think it'd probably be more clear if something was added there, for a second I was really confused as to how just removing the 'ru' ending would result in it becoming a negative, until I checked out the example and realised it was the same as with step 2 of the godan.

3
7 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262

Good observation - it could be vague to some people. I went ahead and put it on both so it is clearer. Thanks!

2
7 years ago
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SirEdgar
Level: 1265

I fear now you will need to add it to the special cases as well, or else someone might believe くる just becomes こ, instead of こなかった ;)

2
7 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262

Ah yes, of course. Thanks!

1
7 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 892
This only covers verbs, but adjectives also have a past tense form. Shoulnd't they be listed here, too? Or can I find them elsewhere?
2
5 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
Adjectives don't really have a home yet in the grammar library. They need one, though! I'll add it to the to-do list.
3
5 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
@Karlla - I added the adjective information here - does the format/level of information seem good to you?
1
5 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 892
Nice. I like how the adjectives are separated from the verbs.
The format is the same as for the verbs, so I guess, it's fine the way it is. The information is sufficient.
The negative past is still missing, thought.^^

Now, the next thing is purely personal preference.
a) I find the dotted outlines distracting and would prefer to have them removed.
b) There's already a lot of text up there. Is it really necessary to have 2 steps for the change of ending? With the arrows and the green highlighters, isn't one line ( e.g. かく ->　かか ->　かかなかった ) enough?
Just my impression. This is very basic grammar, so I don't really look at the explanation anyway.
1
5 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
Thanks for the feedback! I didn't put negative up yet because I wanted to hear what you thought first. I'll start spreading it out to the other conjugations!
1
5 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
Fixed, thanks!
1
5 years ago
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