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Make (somebody) A, this is coercive or forced onto the object of the sentence.
  1. Make (somebody) A, this is coercive or forced onto the object of the sentence.
  2. Allow (somebody) to A, this is permission from the subject to the object.
  3. Make (somebody) A, because of the subject; the object is caused to A
子こ供どもの ころ 、 お 母かあさ ん は 私わたしに 野や菜さいを 食たべ さ せ た 。 
When I was a child, Mom made me eat vegetables.
39
受 験 の ため 、 両 親 は 子 供 を 毎 日 勉 強 さ せ る の は 普 通 だ 。 
It's common for parents to make their children study every day for the (entrance) exams.
27
お 母 さ ん 、 いや ！ 私 は 先 週 や っ た の で 、 今 度 は お 兄 さ ん に 片 付 け さ せ て 。 
No, mom! I did it last week, so make (my) brother clean up this time.
18
女 の 子 は 自 分 の 妹 を 泣 か せ ま し た 。 
That little girl made her own little sister cry.
15
娘 に ピ ア ノ を 習 わ せ た い 。 
I want to make my daughter learn the piano.
9
母 は 私 に ト イ レ を 掃 除 さ せ た 。 
Mom made me clean the bathroom.
6
父 は 兄 を 問 い 詰 め 、 洗 い ざ ら い しゃべらせた 。 
Dad pressed my older brother and made him talk about everything.

Getting the sentences
1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Change the last character from it's 'u' form to the 'a' form.
む (mu) => ま (ma)
す (su) => さ (sa)
う (u) => わ (wa)
ぬ (nu) => な (na)
つ (tsu) => た (ta)
ぶ (bu) => ば (ba)
く (ku) => か (ka)
ぐ (gu) => が (ga)
る (ru) => ら (ra)
Ichidan verbs
1. Change the る from the end of the verb to さ (sa)

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to さ.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to こさ.


2. Add せる to make the causative form.
Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> かか
2. かか -> かかせる (to be made to write/to be allowed to write)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべさ
2. たべさ -> たべさせる (to be made to eat/to be allowed to eat)
Related Expressions
Causative Passive/させられる (使役受身)
Where this grammar is found


User notes
avatar
ナイコウ３６１１
Level: 1
(9 years ago)
To be coercive, the を particle will be used in most case.

(A) 受験のため、両親は子供 に 毎日一生懸命勉強させる。(not very natural)
(B) 受験のため、両親は子供 を 毎日一生懸命勉強させる。(perfect)
Parents will make their children study hard for entrance exam. (coersive)

However, to avoid double usage of a particle, exception happened.

(A) 私は娘 を フランス語 を 勉強させた。(incorrect)
(B) 私は娘 に フランス語 を 勉強させた。(perfect)
I made or I let my daughter study French.

To specify whether you made or you let, you can use ～てあげる* to mean "let", so
(C) 私は娘 に フランス語 を 勉強させてあげる。
I let my daughter study French. (permissive)

*It's not limited for ～てあげる, the variant ～てくれる／もらう can also be used.

－summarized from the grammar's discussion below and Meadowlake's post on Lang-8
14
 
Allow (somebody) to A, this is permission from the subject to the object.
  1. Make (somebody) A, this is coercive or forced onto the object of the sentence.
  2. Allow (somebody) to A, this is permission from the subject to the object.
  3. Make (somebody) A, because of the subject; the object is caused to A
21
昨日 お 父 さ ん の 車 を 運 転 させて もらった け ど 、 すぐに 事 故 を 起 こ し て し ま っ た 。 
Yesterday my father let me drive his car, but I quickly got into an accident.
15
あの 猿 に バ ナ ナ を 食 べ さ せ な い で ！ 少 し で も 食 べ た ら 、 も っ と 欲 し が る か ら さ 。 
Don't let that monkey have a banana! If he eats even a little of it, he'll want more.
9
息子 は あの 映 画 を すごく 見 た が っ て いる け ど 、 よくない の で 見 さ せ ま せ ん 。 
My son really wants to watch that movie, but it's not any good so I won't let him watch it.

Getting the sentences
1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Change the last character from it's 'u' form to the 'a' form.
む (mu) => ま (ma)
す (su) => さ (sa)
う (u) => わ (wa)
ぬ (nu) => な (na)
つ (tsu) => た (ta)
ぶ (bu) => ば (ba)
く (ku) => か (ka)
ぐ (gu) => が (ga)
る (ru) => ら (ra)
Ichidan verbs
1. Change the る from the end of the verb to さ (sa)

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to さ.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to こさ.


2. Add せる to make the causative form.
Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> かか
2. かか -> かかせる (to be made to write/to be allowed to write)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべさ
2. たべさ -> たべさせる (to be made to eat/to be allowed to eat)
Where this grammar is found


User notes
avatar
ナイコウ３６１１
Level: 1
(9 years ago)
While to be permissive, the に particle, on the other hand, will mostly be used.

(A) 私は息子 に フランス に 行かせてあげる。(not very natural)
(B) 私は息子 を フランス に 行かせてあげる。(perfect)
I let my son goes to France.

～てあげる* used to specify that you are "letting". Depending on the context, the meaning will be hardly specified without it.

(C) 私は息子 を フランス に 行かせる。
I make or I let my son goes to France. (The context seems mean that you are "making", not "letting", though it's still unclear)

*It's not limited for ～てあげる, the variant ～てくれる／もらう can also be used.

－summarized from the grammar's discussion below and Meadowlake's post on Lang-8
5
 
Make (somebody) A, because of the subject; the object is caused to A
  1. Make (somebody) A, this is coercive or forced onto the object of the sentence.
  2. Allow (somebody) to A, this is permission from the subject to the object.
  3. Make (somebody) A, because of the subject; the object is caused to A
17
両 親 を 安 心 さ せ る ため に 、 バ イ ト が 終 わ っ た ら すぐ 連 絡 し て ね 。 
So your parents can be relieved, contact them soon after you finish your part-time job.
15
だいき は 一 週 間 家 に 帰 ら な か っ た の で 、 両 親 を とても 心 配 さ せ ま し た 。 
Daiki hasn't come back home in a week, so his parents are really worried.
4
彼 の 行 動 は 私 を 非 常 に 驚 か せ た 。 
He really surprised me with his actions.
4
彼 を あの お 店 まで 走 ら せ た の は どう して で す か ？ 
Why did you make him run to that store?
6
あの ク ラ ス を 静 か に さ せ た の ？ ど う や っ て ？ 
You made that class quiet down? How?

Getting the sentences
1. Determine if it's a godan or ichidan verb
How do I determine the type of the verb?
2. Conjugating the verbs
Godan verbs
1. Change the last character from it's 'u' form to the 'a' form.
む (mu) => ま (ma)
す (su) => さ (sa)
う (u) => わ (wa)
ぬ (nu) => な (na)
つ (tsu) => た (ta)
ぶ (bu) => ば (ba)
く (ku) => か (ka)
ぐ (gu) => が (ga)
る (ru) => ら (ra)
Ichidan verbs
1. Change the る from the end of the verb to さ (sa)

Special cases
1a. する (to do) is changed to さ.
1b. くる (to come) is changed to こさ.


2. Add せる to make the causative form.
Conjugation examples
Let's conjugate the godan verb 書く/かく (to write):
Basic Examples
Before we start: かく
1. かく -> かか
2. かか -> かかせる (to be made to write/to be allowed to write)

Now let's conjugate the verb 食べる/たべる (to eat), which is an ichidan verb:
Basic Examples
Before we start: たべる
1. たべる -> たべさ
2. たべさ -> たべさせる (to be made to eat/to be allowed to eat)
Related Expressions
Causative Passive/させられる (使役受身)
Where this grammar is found


User notes
avatar
Javona
Level: 1
(12 years ago)
When using this construction to mean "Make (somebody) A; because of the subject, the object is caused to A" it is usually only used for emotional types of actions such as relief, worry, laugh, cry. excitement, etc.
For example:
先生が怒って、私をなかせました。
When the teacher got angry, he made me cry.
8

Discussion about this grammar
avatar
秋子ちゃん
Level: 1
Wouldn't the first model sentence in the first usage be more appropriate for the second usage? You aren't forcing the monkey to eat bananas, you're letting them eat bananas. So wouldn't that be the second usage?
2
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
I agree; that would be more appropriate. Thanks!
0
13 years ago
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beckyr16
Level: 1
When studying this with Genki, they described the format of these as:
directorは castに action
I found that helpful for using the grammar correctly.
4
13 years ago
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Level: 1
Unless your University uses Nakama, in which case it gets in depth with transitive and intransitive verb usage-in the case of using を／に for make-or let (though, the latter particle is used more frequently with the "let" meaning).
2
12 years ago
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Javona
Level: 1
A Japanese person explained to me that when we use this form for "Make (somebody) A; because of the subject, the object is caused to A" it is usually only used for emotional type actions such as relief, worry, laugh, cry. excitement, etc.
2
12 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
No way! *laughs* you can make someone do it, like..make them do their homework, or make them speak, etc (my job is showing here). I don't think it is a 'usually' thing. Wouldn't hurt to ask a 国語 teacher, although I'm on break right now.
1
12 years ago
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Javona
Level: 1
I think it is "causes it to happen" rather than "makes someone do it". Such as "caused me to laugh (although in English we would say someone "made us laugh"). It made sense to me when she explained it to me. Maybe I haven't explained it well.
0
12 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 262
I understand exactly what you're saying, so it isn't a lack in your explanation. The third definition on the page *does* cover the 'causes to happen' - if you'd like, you could add a usage note (that way, you get credit!) that gives the 'this is often used to cover emotional situations', and possible give a few examples.
0
12 years ago
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solostyle
Level: 13

Regarding the usage notes on determining whether it's permissive or coercive, 「先生が学生を話させた」with no other clues sounds coercive? Whereas 「先生が学生に話させた」sounds permissive? Meaning, would you more likely assume that the first one is coercive even if there's a chance it could be permissive?

It feels like, if it's coercive (and therefore negative), it's better to use causative-passive and switch the subject around, like 「学生が先生に話された」would you agree? So... how common is the coercive causative actually? I don't live in Japan so it's hard to get a handle on this, but I listen to hours of podcasts and watch the news, and I get the impression that I hear causative-passive and passive forms more than I hear causative.

1
1 year ago
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マイコー
Level: 262

First off, when dealing with single sentences, it's always going to be hard to grab context in order to focus on the meaning of a sentence (as you point out).

That being said, the usage of させる for the coercive is VERY common in natural language. The causative passive shows that undesirable nuance from the *speaker*, which is often not the case if the speaker is the one doing the coercing. So if I made my kids clean up the room, for example, I'm doing it because they made a mess, so the "make them do it" is not negative to me. Now, if you ask them what they think about it, they'll be more likely to use the causative-passive :)

I cannot comment much on the content that you consume, but it all depends on who is the focus of the sentence, and therefore who gets to determine whether or not the action is desirable or not :)

1
1 year ago
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