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By the means/method A; by A
  1. By the means/method A; by A
  2. In accordance with A; depending on A; based on A; due/because to A
  3. For some A; certain A
    Shows that something happens/occurs in certain situations A
  4. According to A
    A is information heard from another source (i.e. newspaper, weather forecast, etc.)
この 絵えは ペ ン キ によって 描えがか れ ま し た 。 
This picture was done with paint.
32
この 写 真 は 彼 によって 撮 影 された 。 
This picture was taken by him.
28
あ な た の 努 力 によって その 成 功 は なされた 。 
Your efforts resulted in the success.
22
この 機 械 は 誰 によって 発 明 されました か 。 
Who was this machine invented by?
18
この プ ラ ス チ ッ ク は 火 によって 損 傷 を 受 け な い 。 
This plastic is not damaged by fire.
21
いなくなった 犬 を 新 聞 広 告 によって 見 つ け た 。 
I found my lost dog by means of a notice in the paper.
15
あなた の 車 は ケン によって 洗 わ れ ま し た 。 
Your car was washed by Ken.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
に
よって
Basic Examples:
外見によって (by appearances)

ANoun
に
より
Basic Examples:
規則により (by the rules)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
In accordance with A; depending on A; based on A; due/because to A
  1. By the means/method A; by A
  2. In accordance with A; depending on A; based on A; due/because to A
  3. For some A; certain A
    Shows that something happens/occurs in certain situations A
  4. According to A
    A is information heard from another source (i.e. newspaper, weather forecast, etc.)
38
校 則 に よって 指 輪 は 禁 じ ら れ て い ま す 。 
In accordance with the school rules, rings are forbidden.
30
人 に よって 意 見 が 違 う か ら 、 自 分 の 作 品 が 好 き じ ゃ な い 人 が いて も 、 気 に し な い で ください 。 
Since opinions vary from person to person, even if there's people who don't like your pieces of work, you shouldn't worry about it.
26
国 や 社 会 に よって 考 え 方 が 違 い ま す 。 
Ways of thinking vary depending on the country and society.
24
宗 教 によって 食 べ て は いけない もの が ある 。 
There are prohibited foods depending on the religion.
18
アメリカ で は 州 によって 法 律 が 違 う 。 
Laws differ from state to state in the United States.
17
この 町 は 自 然 の 残 忍 な 力 によって 破 壊 された 。 
This city was ruined by the brutal force of nature.
17
その 事 故 は 不 注 意 な 運 転 による 物 で あ っ た 。 
The accident was due to careless driving.
20
その 会 社 の 急 速 な 成 長 は その 独 特 な 方 策 に よる 物 だ っ た 。 
The rapid growth of the firm was attributed to its unique strategy.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
に
よって
Basic Examples:
不注意によって (due to carelessness)

ANoun
に
よる
Basic Examples:
法律による (in accordance with the law)

ANoun
に
よる
BNoun
Basic Examples:
理論似寄る推定 (a presumption based on speculation)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

This pattern is often used with words like 違う or いろいろ or the grammar pattern ~たり~たりする.
0
avatar
Wallace
Level: 1

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
For some A; certain A
Shows that something happens/occurs in certain situations A
  1. By the means/method A; by A
  2. In accordance with A; depending on A; based on A; due/because to A
  3. For some A; certain A
    Shows that something happens/occurs in certain situations A
  4. According to A
    A is information heard from another source (i.e. newspaper, weather forecast, etc.)
18
患 者 の 状 態 によって は 食 べ 物 を 食 べ や す く 細 か く する 必 要 が ある 。 
For some patients' conditions, it is necessary to make the food small and easy to eat.
9
店 員 によって は 冷 た い 対 応 を する 人 も いる が 、 あの 人 は 親 切 だ 。 
Some employees can be cold to deal with, but that person is kind.
13
国 によって は 、 日 本 の 手 招 き の 仕 草 は 失 礼 に 当 た る 。 
Certain countries would find the beckoning hand gestures of Japan(ese people) to be rude.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
に
よっては
Basic Examples:
場所によっては (for some places)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
According to A
A is information heard from another source (i.e. newspaper, weather forecast, etc.)
  1. By the means/method A; by A
  2. In accordance with A; depending on A; based on A; due/because to A
  3. For some A; certain A
    Shows that something happens/occurs in certain situations A
  4. According to A
    A is information heard from another source (i.e. newspaper, weather forecast, etc.)
この 本ほんによると 、 桃太郎ももたろうは モ モ か ら 生うま れ た ん だ 。 
According to this book, Momotaro was born from a peach.
19
ニ ュ ー ス によると 、 今 夜 は 雪 に な る そ う だ 。 
According to the news, it'll snow tonight.
15
母 によると 明日 は 雨 に な る そ う で す 。 
According to Mom it'll rain tomorrow.
13
この ナ ビ によれば 京 都 まで は 後 一 時 間 で 着 く わ よ 。 
According to this navigation system, we'll arrive in Kyoto in an hour.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
に
よれば
Basic Examples:
先生によれば (according to the teacher)

ANoun
に
よる
と
Basic Examples:
新聞によると (according to the newspaper)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
avatar
srm924
Level: 1
It seems to me that there are not three grammar points here, but rather one that should be named:

according to ‾ / depending on ‾
1
16 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Thanks, added it! Should be #4 :)
0
16 years ago
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mysticfive
Level: 1966
I agree with the above user - instead of having 4 separate grammar points, they really should be rolled into one, two at the most (according to/depending on, and maybe another for 'for each')
0
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
I'm embarrassed: I guess I completely missed the fact that he was suggesting a consolidation, not an addition. I've got to write something up that'll handle the merging so the other user sentences aren't lost, but I'll combine them today/tomorrow.
2
15 years ago
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mireille
Level: 1
この文法ポイントは理解しにくい！ This grammar point is, in my Unicom grammar book, split into four points. Here are the constructions:

1. Noun + によって・により
2. によって(は)
3. Noun 1 + による + Noun 2
4. Noun + によると・によれば (According to)
1
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Ok, so let's try and organize it into each definition.

(ones on this page)

によって(は) - by, though the means of
によって,により - depending on, according to, based on, due to

(not on the page)
によると,によれば - according to (repeating information heard from elsewhere)
NによるN - ??

What's the last one, and do you agree with how I've divided them up? If so, I'll go ahead and make the changes
0
15 years ago
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mireille
Level: 1
によって ・ により shows means, cause, method, or a passive agent (手段・原因・方法・受身文の)動作主).
によっては means 「Some; for (some); certain 」(ある ‾の場合は)
Noun + による + Noun shows means and cause (手段・原因).

によっては example sentences:

明日は一日中雲が多く、ところによっては一時雨が降るでしょう。 (Unicom)
Tomorrow it's cloudy throughout the day, with intermittent rain showers in some areas.

でも、場所に よっては−−例えばアメリカの大都市… (alc.co.jp)
But in certain places, like in big cities in the United States,…

「それって、もうかるの？」「うん、人によってはね。」(alc.co.jp)
"Is it profitable?" "Yes, for some."
2
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Thanks. I'm still going to split up the 'means/method' and the 'cause' parts of によって/により because I think the definitions are different enough to split apart.

I'll clean it up now, so if it's more than 10 or 15 minutes after this message has been posted, check it out and let me know if you see any issues.

Do you have an example for NによるN?
0
15 years ago
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mireille
Level: 1
Here you go:

(1) 高速道路が整備されて、トラックによる輸送がさかんになった。
(2) 先週の事故は運転手の居眠り運転によるものだったことがわかった。
(3) 台風による農作物の被害が全国に広がっている。
0
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Thanks!
0
15 years ago
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onlyforyou
Level: 1
I was wondering if someone could further explain the 3rd point or provide other examples? I tried looking it up in a grammar book I have and I asked my boyfriend, but I'm still a bit unclear.
0
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
I don't have any other on hand, but do you see the message that's 4 posts above yours? (by mireille). It's got a few in there!
0
15 years ago
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Shirubi
Level: 1
There's a big mistake in the first point: によって・により As I can see from the examples sent by users, people are now convinced you can just replace に, in a passive sentence, with によって, nothing　could be more wrong.　My teacher has explained to me that によって can only be used if you are creating, building, discovering, writing something that was never done before or with verbs like 得る, 解明する, 発信する, 制定する, 拘束する and 運営する. によって doesn't just mean "by" and can be used instead of で when it indicates what permitted a certain developmnt of a situation (quoting my teacher: 話し合いによって解決できる。 By discussing over it we came to a conclusion). I know it is difficult to explain.
4
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Thanks for the comment! What do you think about the following two sentences? 彼は難病によって再起不能になった。 and その少年は麻薬によって青春時代を失ってしまいました. (both from a grammar dictionary) It doesn't to me that either of those fit into the rule that your teacher gave? I am very interested in fixing any mistakes on the grammar pages, so I wanted to say thanks in advance for your interest in helping!
1
13 years ago
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Joee
Level: 65
Is it always necessary to combine this with the passive verb form? A lot of the examples use the passive tense but it's not part of the usage notes, so I was just wondering!
0
11 years ago
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Rdelav
Level: 279

Wait. So.. This is all bundle together? Yeah kind of in the matome book was divided but also under the same part. But then why did I just saw one the によって/により but then needed to scroll down to see the によれば and so on entries

BTW the example: 理論似寄るすい定 does it use that 寄る kanji? And the 似 from 似ている？at first I didn't know where was the form

0
1 year ago
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マイコー
Level: 292

Some expressions are bundled together, yes.

I not see that sentence you're referring to, but if it's a user-written sentence, those are not checked for accuracy.

0
1 year ago
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