和英辞典Vocabulary dictionary

漢字辞典 Kanji dictionary

文法辞典 Grammar dictionary

例文検索 Sentence lookup

When entering abc's, search as
Both
English only
Japanese only

Prioritize sentences with audio
You can enter in parts of a word, words, or phrases.
test
 


 
Since A; As A

  1. Since A; As A
  2. A, then B
    Used to show a sequence of events.
  3. A and B
    The て/で can be used to link several adjectives/nouns describing the same noun.
  4. Do B by means of A
Join for free or Login to study this and other grammar in the lesson Because [A]!
好
29点
弟 は 、 オバケ が 怖 く て 、 夜 一 人 で トイレ に 行 け ま せ ん 。 
Since my younger brother is scared of ghosts he can't go to the bathroom alone at night.
好
14点
先 週 、 腐 っ た 牛 乳 を 飲 ん で 、 お 腹 を 壊 し ま し た 。 
Since I drank sour milk last week I had a stomachache.
好
12点
寝 坊 し て 、 遅 刻 し て し ま い ま し た 。 
Unfortunately, I overslept and was late for the appointment.
好
11点
事 故 が あって 、 道 路 が 渋 滞 しています 。 
Because of an accident the traffic is tied up.
好
17点
この 薬 は 苦 く て 、 子 供 が 飲 み た が り ま せ ん 。 
Since this medicine is bitter children don't like taking it.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
Dict. Form
Conjugated
あげる
あげて
おす
おして
かう
かって
かく
かいて
くる
きて
しぬ
しんで
Dict. Form
Conjugated
とる
とって
もつ
もって
よぶ
よんで
よむ
よんで
いそぐ
いそいで
する
して
Irregular Form(s)
行く (いく)
行って
AVerb: ない form
-い
くて
Basic Examples:
食べなくて (Since (I'm) not eating)

Aい-adjective
-い
くて
Basic Examples:
忙しくて (because (she's) busy)

Aな-adjective
-な
で
Basic Examples:
有名で (because (it's) famous)

Notes
The subject's intentions/volition cannot be given after this form.
Where this grammar is found
Nihongo So-Matome N4 (日本語総まとめ): 第１週　５日目
新完全マスター文法 N4: 第１部　９課
新完全マスター文法 N4: 第２部　７課
renshuu schedule packs: N5 Grammar pack
JLPT N5 / Beginner: Because [A]


User notes
好
19点
This usage of て is kind of a more limited form of ので/から.

Don't use it for consequences that are in the past or future.

Ex:
雨が降り始めて、家に帰りました。------- Awkward
雨が降り始めたので、家に帰りました。------- Better

Use it for consequences that occur simultaneously with the reason.

Ex:
霧が深くて、道が見えません。------- The fog is thick, so I can't see the road.
10 years ago
avatar guest
 
A, then B
Used to show a sequence of events.

  1. Since A; As A
  2. A, then B
    Used to show a sequence of events.
  3. A and B
    The て/で can be used to link several adjectives/nouns describing the same noun.
  4. Do B by means of A
好
3点
昨日 は 勉 強 し て テレビ を 見 ま し た 。 
I studied and watched TV yesterday.
好
5点
今日 、 ノート を 買 っ て き て 、 勉 強 を 始 め た 。 
Today I went and bought a notebook and started to study.
好
4点
明日 は 部屋 を 掃 除 し て 、 ゴミ も 捨 て る よ 。 
I'll clean my room and take out the trash tomorrow.

Getting the sentences
Lesson
て form
You’ve been doing so well with these lessons, it’s time for something new! In this lesson, we will learn a new verb form, usually called the て form, that has a variety of uses.
Conjugation
たべる→たべて
みる→みて
ねる→ねて
いる→いて
くる→きて
する→して
The first thing we’ll talk about is how to make the て form. Just like with the ます forms that we talked about earlier, you will need to know if the verb you’re dealing with is an Ichidan, Godan, or one of our two irregular verbs.
The first thing we’ll talk about is how to make the て form. Just like with the ます forms that we talked about earlier, you will need to know if the verb you’re dealing with is an Ichidan, Godan, or one of our two irregular verbs.
For Ichidan verbs, creating the て form is very straightforward: you find the verb stem by removing the る, and then you will add て.
All Ichidan verbs will work in this way.
The two irregular verbs, くる and する, actually follow a similar pattern here.
Since the ます form of くる and する are きます and します, think of き and し as the verb ‘stems’.
So the て form of these two verbs are きて and して, respectively.
まつ→まって
のむ→のんで
かく→かいて
はなす→はなして
For Godan verbs, the て form conjugation depends on the last character of the dictionary verb. They will divide into four groups.
For Godan verbs, the て form conjugation depends on the last character of the dictionary verb. They will divide into four groups.
If a verb ends in う、つ、or る (for example: あう, まつ, or とる), you will drop the last character and add って.
So あう will become あって, まつ becomes まって, とる becomes とって, and so on.
If a verb ends in む、ぶ、or ぬ (for example: のむ, よぶ, or しぬ), you will drop the last character and add んで.
So のむ will become のんで, よぶ becomes よんで, しぬ becomes しんで, etc.
If a verb ends with く (or ぐ) (for example: かく, きく, or およぐ), you will drop the last character and add いて (or いで if it ended in ぐ).
So かく will become かいて, きく becomes きいて, and およぐ will become およいで.
There is one exception to this rule, and it is the verb いく - it doesn’t become いいて、 but instead it changes to いって.
Lastly, if a verb ends in す (like はなす or けす), you will drop the last character and add して.
So はなす will become はなして, and けす becomes けして.
ほん を よんで ねます。
きのう おおさか に いって ばんごはん を たべました。
Up until now, we have only used one verb in a sentence, but what if you do multiple actions? That is where the て form comes in: it links two or more verbs to describe several activities.
Up until now, we have only used one verb in a sentence, but what if you do multiple actions? That is where the て form comes in: it links two or more verbs to describe several activities.
The て form kind of acts like the English phrase “and then” here: I did this thing, and then I did that thing. We use the て form and not particle と that we already learned because と can only link two nouns.
Using this pattern of Verb 1 て Verb 2 shows us that one action was completed, and then the second. So if you are going to read a book and go to bed, you would say this.
The actions can be closely related like the above sentence, or more loosely. You could list all the things you did in one day just by using the て form! The last verb in the sentence will be conjugated like normal, and will show the tense for all of the actions.
For example, if you went to Osaka yesterday and ate dinner there, you could use this sentence.
This is just one usage for this very versatile verb form! Take a look at the next few lessons for more ways to use the て form.
This is just one usage for this very versatile verb form! Take a look at the next few lessons for more ways to use the て form.
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb: て-form
BVerb: Casual
Basic Examples:
起きて走る (wake up then run)

Where this grammar is found
Genki I: Chapter 6
Nihongo So-Matome N5 (日本語総まとめ): 第４週　１～２日目
Nihongo So-Matome N4 (日本語総まとめ): 第１週　５日目
新完全マスター文法 N4: 第２部　７課
renshuu schedule packs: N5 Grammar pack
JLPT N5 / Beginner: Grammar for Jumble Quizzes
Japanese Basics: ⑮ Verb forms: て


User notes
No user notes have been added. Logged-in users can add user notes.
 
A and B
The て/で can be used to link several adjectives/nouns describing the same noun.

  1. Since A; As A
  2. A, then B
    Used to show a sequence of events.
  3. A and B
    The て/で can be used to link several adjectives/nouns describing the same noun.
  4. Do B by means of A
Join for free or Login to study this and other grammar in the lesson Basic Particles III!
この アイス は でかくて おいし そう ！ 
This ice cream is huge and looks great!
好
7点
あたり は 夕 方 になる と 寒 く て 暗 く なりました 。 
This area becomes cold and dark in the evening.
好
4点
彼 は 背 が 高 く て たくましい 。 
He is tall and strong.
好
3点
お 父 さ ん は 格好 よ く て 賢 い ん だ ！ 
Dad is cool and clever!

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
Aい-adjective
-い
くて
Basic Examples:
可愛くて優しい (cute and nice)

Aな-adjective
-な
で
Basic Examples:
下手で不器用 (unskillful and clumsy)

ANoun
で
Where this grammar is found
Genki I: Chapter 7
Nihongo So-Matome N5 (日本語総まとめ): 第４週　１～２日目
新完全マスター文法 N4: 第２部　７課
renshuu schedule packs: N5 Grammar pack
JLPT N5 / Beginner: Basic Particles ③


User notes
好
0点

The adjective いい is special, and takes the よい form when being changed to て-form, becoming よくて.
7 years ago
avatar マイコー (Site admin) - Level 68
好
-9点

dfficult
8 years ago
kowyinfoong - Level 1
 
Do B by means of A

  1. Since A; As A
  2. A, then B
    Used to show a sequence of events.
  3. A and B
    The て/で can be used to link several adjectives/nouns describing the same noun.
  4. Do B by means of A
There are no approved example sentences.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb: て-form
BVerb
Basic Examples:
歩いて公園に行く ((I) went to the park on foot (by walking))



User notes
No user notes have been added. Logged-in users can add user notes.

Discussion about this grammar
avatar
elsiemarley
Level: 1, 好 : 68
Maybe you should add "A, and then B" or "A, and so B" (the first one possibly as a separate usage) since this is so often used just to say that something happened, and then another thing happened, without necessarily having the connotation of "because".

Also used when describing something with more than one adjective, as one user example shows!
好
7点
12 years ago (Edited 12 years ago.)
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Thanks, added them!
好
2点
12 years ago
avatar
レミュリアのアリス
Years Studied: 知らない。
Studying: 生物学。 (Biology)
Level: 1, 好 : 26
In the first usage, I think you should add an example of the non-negative て-form. The way it is now is confusing. Also, I was tought that you could end a て form sequence with the formal form, is that incorrect?
好
0点
8 years ago (Edited 8 years ago.)
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
We are working to expand the examples out on the entire grammar library :). When you say formal form, could you give me a short example?
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
shirokitsune
Years Studied: Too many
Studying: Intermediate Japanese Revised　(Plus anything I find)
Level: 610, 好 : 818
You have it listed as "Since A, as A." Shouldn't be like "Since A, B"?
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
With that particular construction, I didn't add the B part, so it is left as just A :)
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
mysticfive
Years Studied: since 2000
Studying: 自分のため、日本語教師だから
Level: 727, 好 : 4,825
maybe it's confusing with commas - what if you separated the meanings with semicolons instead so if there's a comma within one definition, it won't be taken as multiples?
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Sounds good to me; changed!
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
mysticfive
Years Studied: since 2000
Studying: 自分のため、日本語教師だから
Level: 727, 好 : 4,825
I'm just seeing the semicolon after the first definition: "Since A; As A, A, then B, A and B" I was saying between each definition: "Since A; As A; A, then B; A and B" - would separate the one usage that actually does use a comma (A, then B) without making it seem like a random B occurrence or something.
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Hmm...I'm no longer quite sure I am seeing what you are seeing; mind sending me a screenshot?
好
1点
8 years ago
avatar
mysticfive
Years Studied: since 2000
Studying: 自分のため、日本語教師だから
Level: 727, 好 : 4,825
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
shirokitsune
Years Studied: Too many
Studying: Intermediate Japanese Revised　(Plus anything I find)
Level: 610, 好 : 818
Thanks guys I am sorry but it just was a little confusing to me that there were two definitions in the title. The Semicolon idea was great Mystic and great job with the quick fix マイコー
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Fixed the secondary issue. Please confirm!
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
shirokitsune
Years Studied: Too many
Studying: Intermediate Japanese Revised　(Plus anything I find)
Level: 610, 好 : 818
On mine it seems fine. Although I am using the beta so I don't know about normal.
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Everyone in this discussion is beta :)
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
mysticfive
Years Studied: since 2000
Studying: 自分のため、日本語教師だから
Level: 727, 好 : 4,825
that makes the English teacher in me much happier ;) ... can that be put on all grammar pages between each usage? (ok that's probably way too much manual labor to appease one grammar nazi...)
好
0点
8 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
For the screenshot you gave, it is an automatic change, so it was instantly applied to all pages.
好
1点
8 years ago
avatar
Mooglegirl
Years Studied: 二年間
Studying: Going wherever my class takes me for now!
Level: 1, 好 : 90
There's one more exception for the て form: いい (good) becomes よくて.
好
0点
7 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Added a usage note for it!
好
0点
7 years ago
vesterpop
Level: 1, 好 : 1

I recently saw the usage "遅れての出席になります” ("The attendance will be late," or "I'll be late.")


Can someone explain the usage of "~ての～”

好
0点
5 years ago
avatar
友人
Years Studied: 13
Level: 1, 好 : 928

The て in 遅れて makes it a gerund; のhere is an attributive "The being late of attendance will come to be." or in smoother English, "Attendance will be delayed."

好
1点
5 years ago (Edited 5 years ago.)
まさむね123
Years Studied: Since Nov 2018
Studying: JLPT N3
Level: 1, 好 : 16
I see similarities between 1 of て, で/て and 5 of で (https://www.renshuu.org/gramma...). The only difference is the definition used and verb / noun. Same with 3 of て, で/て and 6 of で


好
0点
3 years ago (Edited 3 years ago.)
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802
Sorry for the delay - I needed to look into it.

You are right - they are basically the same. Most grammar pages started with one definition, and more got added over time (organically). So, there was not a master list of grammar in which everything got divided.

Given that they all have sentences attached to them already, I think leaving it as is will make the information the most accessible to users.
好
0点
3 years ago
avatar
|マルコ|
Years Studied: ？？？
Studying: JLPT N2/N1 -------- 41 Games Completed in Japanese
Level: 110, 好 : 341

The Te for construction table above can be improved in my opinion, the first change would be to move くる out of the way because right now is surrounded by godan verbs and that is confusing for mental organization.
I've reordered them using my mental scheme of those, hope it helps:
---------------------------------------------------

Ichidan Verb:
remove ru, add て
あげる - あげて
---------------------------------------------------
Godan Verbs:
u/ru/tsu ending -> って:
かう - かって
とる - とって
もつ - もって

bu/nu/mu ending ->んで:
とぶ - とんで
しぬ - しんで
よむ - よんで

ku -> いて gu -> いで:
かく 　- かいて
いそぐ - いそいで

su -> して:
おす - おして

---------------------------------------------------
Exception verbs below

好
2点
11 months ago (Edited 11 months ago.)
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802

Thanks! Right now, all conjugations follow the same format, which I agree is not ideal. If you know enough about html/css to edit what is already on the page, I can replace it for you, but at the moment, I'm really tied up with the grammar expressions quizzing expansion :(

好
2点
11 months ago
avatar
|マルコ|
Years Studied: ？？？
Studying: JLPT N2/N1 -------- 41 Games Completed in Japanese
Level: 110, 好 : 341

This usage below is missing:
(D) A1 is the means by which someone does A2 or the manner in which someone does A2, ex: "僕は歩いて帰った。" (I went home on foot)

Also I suggest changing the title of this section to Te-form, because currently is called て/で and it might create confusion with the で particle

好
0点
2 months ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802

Added! Sorry for the wait.

好
1点
1 month ago
avatar
|マルコ|
Years Studied: ？？？
Studying: JLPT N2/N1 -------- 41 Games Completed in Japanese
Level: 110, 好 : 341

This probably happened by mistake, but this grammar point page lost its "title". Searching for て in the grammar library will bring up this grammar point with an "invisible title" or no title at all.

好
0点
1 month ago
avatar
マイコー
Site admin
 Level: 68, 好 : 5,802

Fixed it, thanks!

好
1点
1 month ago



Loading the list
Lv.

Sorry, there was an error on renshuu! If it's OK, please describe what you were doing. This will help us fix the issue.

Characters to show:





Use your mouse or finger to write characters in the box.
■ Katakana ■ Hiragana