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At A; in A
Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  1. At A; in A
    Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  2. For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  3. Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  4. Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  5. Because of A; Due to A
  6. Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
今日きょうは 店みせで ＶＲ の 体たい験けんが できた ！ 
I got to try VR at the store today!
35
日 本 の 温 泉 で 混 浴 を する の が 私 の 夢 で す 。 
My dream is to mingle at a mixed-gender Japanese onsen.
30
パリ で 彼 女 と キ ス を しました 。 
I kissed my girlfriend in Paris.
40
夏 休 み の 時 、 コ ン ビ ニ で 働 き ま し た 。 
During summer vacation, I worked at a convenience store.
19
近 所 の ス ー パ ー で 懐 か し い 友 達 に 会 い ま し た 。 
I met a dear friend of mine at a supermarket nearby.
9
東 京 の 渋谷 で ス カ ウ ト されました 。 
I was scouted in Shibuya, Tokyo.
13
こ こ で 、 一 発 ギ ャ グ を したい と 思 い ま す ! 
I'd like to do a joke now (here)!
12
あそこ で 私 た ち は おしゃべり に 夢 中 に な っ て い ま し た 。 
We became engrossed in our conversation over there.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (location)
で
Basic Examples:
レストランで食べる (eat at a restaurant)

Notes
Shows where A takes place
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Compare also to the use of に as a place marker (like in 日本に住む).
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jacekh
Level: 1
In this grammar pattern with places, in contrast with using に (where the verb is usually only passive or showing existence), when using で there needs to be an action taking place. For example レストランにいます (I am at the restaurant) vs レストランで食べています (I am eating at the restaurant).
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mysticfive
Level: 1966
  • Use "に" for indicating where something is located.It is appropriate for situations where you want to describe the existence of an object or person in a specific place. Use "で" for indicating where an action is happening. It emphasizes the location in relation to an activity being performed.
    While using 'で' he/she needs to be there first, to use に he/she needs to state that he/she will go at the place. To stay & To go( planned )
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Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  1. At A; in A
    Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  2. For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  3. Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  4. Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  5. Because of A; Due to A
  6. Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
19
この 本 を ３日 で 読 んで 下 さ い 。 
Please read this book in three days.
13
１ ヶ 月 で １００ 冊 以 上 本 を 読 む 人 も います 。 
There are people who read over a hundred books a month.
12
この 宿 題 は 後 一 時 間 で 終 え る 予 定 で す 。 
I plan on finishing this homework in an hour.
10
ほたる は 地 上 に 出 て 数 日 で 死 ん で し ま い ま す 。 
Fireflies emerge into the open and die after a few days.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (length/amount)
で
Basic Examples:
４年間で (for 4 years)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

When using a length of time, that's the duration of the action, not "after (period of time), the action will occur".

(incorrect) 五ヶ月でアメリカに行きます > I will go to America in 5 months.
(ok!) 五ヶ月でアメリカにいました. > I was in America for 5 months.

(incorrect) 一時間で出かけます > I will leave in an hour.
(correct) 一時間後(ご)でかけます> I will leave after an hour.
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マイコー
Level: 292
When used with time, it has the nuance of "over the course of (and no longer)"
e.g. 二年間で日本語を習った。It took (me) 2 years to learn Japanese.
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IJamLegend
Level: 1
This usage can be linked to につき (2). The particle で can be replaced by につき, if the relation between the basic amount and the associated amount is fixed. につき is more formal than で

この翻訳は一ページで二千円お払いします。
We will pay 2.000 yen per page for this translation.
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まさむね123
Level: 1
Meaning can be used as within this period of time, as shown in the example.
NEW
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Ellison135
Level: 44

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  1. At A; in A
    Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  2. For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  3. Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  4. Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  5. Because of A; Due to A
  6. Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
自じ転てん車しゃで 買かい 物ものに 行いっ た 。 
I went shopping by bike.
46
箸 で 刺身 を 食 べ ま し た 。 
I ate sashimi with chopsticks.
18
昨日 、 私 は 家 の テ レ ビ で 映 画 を 見 ま し た 。 
Yesterday、I saw a movie on TV at my house.
24
日 本 の 友 達 と 日 本 語 で 話 し た い で す 。 
I want to talk to my Japanese friends using the Japanese language.
14
今日 は 車 で 送 っ て もらいました 。 
I had (them) take me by car today.
-1
京 都 まで 車 で 行 こ う と 思 い ま す 。 
15
彼 女 と は 日 本 語 で 会 話 します 。 
I talk to her in Japanese.
15
あなた のこと は 父 の 話 で 聞 い て い ま し た 。 
I heard about you from talking with my father.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (Object/Tool/Event)
で
BAction
Basic Examples:
電車で行く (go by train)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  1. At A; in A
    Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  2. For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  3. Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  4. Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  5. Because of A; Due to A
  6. Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
これ は 藁わらで 作つくら れ て い ま す 。 
This is made with straw.
15
山 の 湧 き 水 で コーヒー を 淹 れ た 。 
I made coffee with mountain spring water.
11
あの お 寺 は 全 て 木 で できています 。 
That temple is made completely of wood.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (Material)
で
Basic Examples:
木でできた (made of wood)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

で is used when the material something is made of is obvious. When the materials are not obvious, から is used instead.
When the statement is about something specific, the verb form できている is used, whereas for generic statements できる is used.
E.g.
その箱は木でできている。　This box is made of wood.
剣は鋼でできる。　Swords are made of steel.
紙は木からできる。　Paper is made from wood.
このワインはカシスからできている。　This wine is made from black currant.
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alekth
Level: 20

Questions/Discussion

Would it be grammatically acceptable to add の between milk and pack?
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Lore045
Level: 247
 
Because of A; Due to A
  1. At A; in A
    Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  2. For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  3. Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  4. Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  5. Because of A; Due to A
  6. Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
14
すみません 、 雪 で 電 車 が 遅 れ ま し た 。 
Sorry, the train was late because of the snow.
12
今日 は 夏 祭 り で 花 火 が 上 が る ん だ 。 
Today, fireworks will be set off because of the summer festival.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
で
Basic Examples:
雪で (because of snow)

Aな-adjective
で
Basic Examples:
不潔で (because (it's) unhygenic)

Aい-adjective
-い
くて
Basic Examples:
忙しくて (because (I'm) busy)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
  1. At A; in A
    Shows the location A that an action/event takes place.
  2. For A; in A (shows a length or amount of time)
  3. Do B by using the object A; Do B by means of A
  4. Shows the material A that something is made of/composed of
  5. Because of A; Due to A
  6. Used after nouns/な-adjectives to link a list of adjectives and/or nouns
15
彼 は 健 康 で 丈 夫 だ 。 
He is strong and healthy.
11
山 田 さ ん は 親 切 で 美 人 だ 。 
Ms. Yamada is a kind and beautiful person.
17
街 の 外 れ に ある 教 会 は 壮 大 で 素 晴 ら し い 。 
The church in the outskirts of town is grand and wonderful.
13
パ レ ー ド が 始 ま る と 街 は 賑 や か で 華 や か に なる ！ 
When the parade starts the streets become lively and spectacular!

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
 
Aな-adjective
 
 
で
Basic Examples:
きれいで広い (clean and wide)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
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Ryanmatsua
Level: 1
There is also another way to use で。It means that you did something using another thing. Ex:

I'll read it with (using) a dictionary -> 辞書で読む。
I came from school by car -> 学校から車で来た。
5
16 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Thanks, added it. I'll add some model sentences later, but you can go ahead and put in your own user sentences.
3
16 years ago
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jacekh
Level: 1
The construction examples are quite misleading though - in meaning #2, they'd stand for "in a cat" and "in a meal", while in the second one "with a cat" (=I did sth using the cat / with the cat) and "with a meal".

I'd suggest some other examples, say: "日本で" ("in Japan") for the #1, "ナイフで" ("with a knife", like in "I cut the meat with a knife") for #2.
1
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Yea - I might need to remove those completely until I can get a fresh list. Right now, if it's a 'noun' in the construction, the same nouns are used regardless of the grammar point; same goes with verbs and adjectives. Let me think on that as to what the best way to continue would be. Thanks!
2
15 years ago
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outsider
Level: 1
で　also shows the cause (風で学校を休んだ。）
and the material (いすは木で作っています。）
2
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Added them. Thanks!!
2
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Ah, and the kanji in your first sentence is off:
風で学校を休んだ。
should be
風邪で学校を休んだ。
2
15 years ago
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outsider
Level: 1
sorry I wasn't paying attention.
1
15 years ago
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looh
Level: 19
I heard that で is also the て form of nouns and な-adjectives, like when listing multiple occurrences:

田中さんは御金持ちで、かっこよくて、魅力的ですね。(Seen here: http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound)
0
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
Quite true - added it! It'll probably also get added when i eventually get around to noun/adjective types, but it definitely also belongs here. Thanks!
0
15 years ago
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テリフン
Level: 1
For the second meaning, how would one link い-Adjs with な-Adjs and Nouns? The い-Adjs use the ーくて, right? So, would this work? ...おいしくてきれいでおもしろいです。
0
13 years ago
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mysticfive
Level: 1966
absolutely! That works just fine ^.^
1
13 years ago
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テリフン
Level: 1
Oh, good! :D Thank you!
0
13 years ago
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Level:

I was thinking about usage 5, about how it would work with verbs...You can make a verb into a noun by adding の to its stem form -- 食べるの = eating -- so you could say "because of A" by adding で to that...and I already knew that ので is basically a polite form of から! IT ALL MAKES SENSE

1
10 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 892
Which category does this sentence fall into?
ボランティア活動で経験をした。
To me it feels close to #3, but 活動 is clearly not an object. So I'm uncertain, where to put it.
0
6 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292
I think object should be a suggestion, not a requirement. It's more a tool (physical or otherwise) with which an action is completed.
1
6 years ago
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Kalamisanos
Level: 82

The more I look at my answer, the more I think it is wrong.

I even put it in Google translate (I know, not the best but still) and I couldn't see how it came up with the sentence "Rika studied movies in English".

Can someone please explain it to me?


Also.. is this the correct place to ask this question? I don't want to make new topics needlesly.

0
2 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 292

1. You are more than welcome to put questions about the grammar here. If you are pointing out an issue with a question, you can also use the ? button at the top (while in a quiz) to send in a report that way.

2. The jumble question system is built in a way to be as flexible as possible when accepting answers. However, it is occasionally *too* flexible, and that is definitely what is happening here. I'll make an adjustment to the system to this doesn't happen again. Thanks for pointing it out!

1
2 years ago
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愛猫家様
Level: 114

勉強のことで相談したいです。

Does this usage come under #5?

0
1 year ago
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マイコー
Level: 292

I want to say yes, but I'm not 100% on it. It's definitely the reason for you wanting to consult with (them).

1
1 year ago
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🌩セージ͎.𝓡_8̯̭̓̇͂卦掌天͓̽𝓚𝓪𝓲𝖙𝖊𝖓⚡
Level: 216

I cannot understand that whenever I type a sentence in chatgpt and to assure that it is grammatically correct It is always wrong, it says " in japanese its not casual to say this or is unnatural in japanese:
I used the te form :
１０時間でねたかったです。---> Isn't it correct?
I wanted to sleep for 10 hours.
When do we use de form then?
Chatgpt says The correct answer is :「１０時間寝たかったです。」 → "I wanted to sleep for 10 hours." (Most natural), but「１０時間で寝たかったです。」 still sounds unnatural because 寝る (to sleep) is not an action with a clear completion point in the same wayas finishing homework or eating a meal.

- 私はケーキでお菓子を作りました。--> Is it also correct?

d0fead5f51fb4df61a9c34d2.png

translation = I usually go home at 5:00, but 'at' is De. Correct ans = ni

0
3 months ago
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マイコー
Level: 292

Although I would never trust chatgpt with giving accurate information for language learning, it is correct here.

で is attached to a period of time to mark the completion of the activity. sleeping isn't exactly a thing you can "complete", so you don't need it: just the period of time is enough.

1
3 months ago
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🌩セージ͎.𝓡_8̯̭̓̇͂卦掌天͓̽𝓚𝓪𝓲𝖙𝖊𝖓⚡
Level: 216
4014c3689ad66f6dfc446f96.png

Then here what is the use of de?

0
3 months ago
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ポールおじちゃん
Level: 1580
🌩セージ.𝓡_8̯̭̓̇͂卦掌天𝓚𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓮𝓷⚡ は 02月11日, 11:36に
4014c3689ad66f6dfc446f96.png

Then here what is the use of de?

と言いました。

Number three, I guess. Does it really matter, though? These kinds of analyses always seem to break down in the end.

0
3 months ago
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