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A and B (and C,etc..)
Gives a complete list. The final と may be omitted.
  1. A and B (and C,etc..)
    Gives a complete list. The final と may be omitted.
  2. With A; to A
    A is often a person, shows a action/state shared by 2 people/things
  3. When/if A, then B
    Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
  4. Shows a sequence of two events A and B
    These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
  5. When/if A (polite/formal version)
    Used in formal situations: business, towards customers, etc.
15
今日 と 明日 の 二日間 で 富 士 山 を 登 り ま す 。 
I am going to climb Mt. Fuji today and tomorrow.
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19
此 の パ ン と 、 此方 の ケ ー キ 、 何方 も 食 べ た い で す 。 
I want to eat both this bread and this cake.
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13
彼 と 彼 女 は 迚 も 仲 の 良 い 夫 婦 で す 。 
He and she are a really close couple.
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11
今日 は 本 を ２ 冊 と 、 漫 画 を １ 冊 持 っ て き ま し た 。 
Today I brought two books and one volume of manga.
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3
彼 と 私 は 踊 り ま す 。 
He and I dance.
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4
私 は ボ ー ル ペ ン と 紙 が 欲 し い で す 。 
I want a ball-point pen and some paper.
0
23
御 名 前 と 電 話 番 号 を お 願 い し ま す 。 
May I have your name and telephone number please?
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9
兄 と 弟 の 靴 は 同 じ 大 き さ だ 。 
My older and younger brothers' shoes are the same size.
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9
ジョン と メアリー は 先 週 別 れ た 。 
John and Mary broke up last week.
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1
私 は ス キ ー と ス ノ ー ボ ー ド が できます 。 
I can ski and snowboard.
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7
其 の 洋 服 は 赤 と 白 の コ ン ト ラ ス ト が 美 し い 。 
The dress has a beautiful contrast between red and white.
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9
トム と 僕 は 友 達 だ 。 
Tom and I are friends.
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2
ボブ と メアリー は テ ー プ レ コ ー ダ ー を 掛 け ま す 。 
Bob and Mary turn on the tape recorder.
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4
ラ イ ス と キ ャ ベ ツ を お 代 わ り お 願 い し ま す 。 
Can I have seconds on rice and cabbage?
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20
火 曜 日 と 金 曜 日 の 夜 で す 。 
On Tuesday and Friday night.
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9
象 は 亜細亜 と 阿弗利加 に 住 ん で 居 る 。 
Elephants live in Asia and Africa.
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0
父 と 母 と 妹 が 居 ま す 。 
I have a mom, dad, and little sister.
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5
猫 と 犬 、 両 方 好 き で す 。 
I like both cats and dogs.
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12
大人 二 人 と 子 供 一 人 で す 。 
Two adults and one child.
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8
貴方 と 私 が 二 人 で 歌 い ま す 。 
You and I will sing together.
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16
男 性 と 女 性 の 部屋 が 有 り ま す 。 
There's men's and women's rooms.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
と
BNoun
と
Basic Examples:
林檎とオレンジ (apples and oranges)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

this differs from や in that it's a definitive list; や implies that there are other things in the list that aren't mentioned: 本や雑誌 would mean 'books and magazines (and other things),' while 本と雑誌 would signify 'books and magazines (and nothing else).'
30
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mysticfive
Level: 2026
with this usage i would like to add if its a set of things
you should use に instead of と
ex= "cake & ice cream, french fries & ketchup"
6
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A common mistake is to use と when listing different activities. In Japanese, this particular "and" only links nouns, never verbs.
34
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emmy
Level: 3

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
With A; to A
A is often a person, shows a action/state shared by 2 people/things
  1. A and B (and C,etc..)
    Gives a complete list. The final と may be omitted.
  2. With A; to A
    A is often a person, shows a action/state shared by 2 people/things
  3. When/if A, then B
    Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
  4. Shows a sequence of two events A and B
    These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
  5. When/if A (polite/formal version)
    Used in formal situations: business, towards customers, etc.
昨日きのう友とも達だちと ス キ ー に 行いっ た 。 
Yesterday I went with my friends to ski.
27
楽 し い 人 と 一 緒 に 居 る の は 、 大 好 き で す 。 
I love being with fun people.
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16
私 は 彼 と 映 画 に 行 き ま し た 。 
I went to a movie with him.
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9
私 は 、 毎 日 、 家 族 と お 茶 を 飲 ん で 居 ま す 。 
I have tea with my family everyday.
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9
猫 と 一 緒 に 炬 燵 に 入 っ て 居 ま す 。 
I'm under the kotatsu together with my cat.
0
18
先 週 友 達 と 東 京 に 行 っ て 遊 び ま し た 。 
Last week I went to Tokyo with my friends and had fun.
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6
家 の 娘 と 遊 ぶ 時 間 は 有 り ま す か 。 
Can you find the time to play with our daughter?
3
8
夏 休 み 私 と 一 緒 に 旅 行 為 ま せ ん か 。 
What do you say to taking a trip with me during the summer vacation?
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
と
Basic Examples:
彼と (with him)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
When/if A, then B
Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
  1. A and B (and C,etc..)
    Gives a complete list. The final と may be omitted.
  2. With A; to A
    A is often a person, shows a action/state shared by 2 people/things
  3. When/if A, then B
    Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
  4. Shows a sequence of two events A and B
    These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
  5. When/if A (polite/formal version)
    Used in formal situations: business, towards customers, etc.
30
此 の キ ノ コ 、 食 べ る と 笑 い が 止 ま ら な く 成 る 乃 だ っ て 。 
They say that if you eat this mushroom, you won't be able to stop laughing.
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24
電 気 を 消 す と 、 暗 く 成 り ま す 。 
When you turn off the electricity, it gets dark.
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9
納 豆 を 食 べ る と 、 吐 き そ う に 成 る 。 
When I eat natto, I feel like I'm going to be sick.
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27
薬 を 飲 む と 直 ぐ 治 る か も 知 れ ま せ ん 。 
If you take the medicine, you might get better right away.
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19
遣 っ て み な い と 、 出 来 る か ど う か 分 か ら な い 。 
You won't know if you can do it or not unless you try.
0
21
此 の 橋 を 歩 く と 図 書 館 が 見 え る 。 
If you walk this bridge you'll see the library.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb (non past)
と
~
BVerb (non past)
Basic Examples:
行くと見える (if you go (there), you'll see (it))

ANoun
だ
と
Basic Examples:
祝日だと銀行が閉まって有る (If it's a holiday, the bank will be closed.)

Aな-adjective: (without な)
だ
と
Aい-adjective
と
Basic Examples:
暑いと熱中症になる。 (Whenever it's hot, I get heat stroke.)

Notes
This cannot be used to show a person's intentions or will; the phrase the follows the と is an inevitable event or condition
Related Expressions
たら
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

"Whenever A, B"

Function: Describe a state which is always brought whenever A's condition is satisfied. (Describe general / inevitable / habitual consequences.)

Typical functions:
- describe natural law
- giving instruction on machines
- giving directions to describe what is in a certain location

A can be volitional or non-volitional.
B cannot be a volitional action, but can describe a habitual action.
(This means B cannot be a volitional action, desire, command, request, invitation, suggestion, or advice.)

Examples:
A non-volitional, B non-volitional:
夏になると、暖かくなります。
When summer comes, it gets warm.

A volitional, B non-volitional:
ボタンを押すと、コーヒーが出てきます。
When you press the button, coffee comes out.
21
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solostyle
Level: 13
If you still don't get it.
Basically this is just like たら except what ever happens is natural
And will most likely Always happen that way
Ex: when it rains, you get wet
Ex: if you take the next right on that road, you will always pull into walmart.

Hope I cleared up some scrambled minds Haha
18
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I find it helpful and intuitive to think of と in this context as “with.” As in: (first part)と(second part) —> “with (doing) the first part, the second part.”
3
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Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Shows a sequence of two events A and B
These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
  1. A and B (and C,etc..)
    Gives a complete list. The final と may be omitted.
  2. With A; to A
    A is often a person, shows a action/state shared by 2 people/things
  3. When/if A, then B
    Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
  4. Shows a sequence of two events A and B
    These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
  5. When/if A (polite/formal version)
    Used in formal situations: business, towards customers, etc.
12
少 し 走 る と 息 が 切 れ た 。 
I ran a bit and I ran out of breath.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb: Dictionary Form
と
BVerb: Casual, past (た)
Basic Examples:
帰ると電話が鳴った (As I returned, the phone rang)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Could this be understood as the "and" と, except connecting two events, or is that a bad way of looking at it? I'm trying to mentally justify this seemingly random use of "と".
It's like, it was too perfect having と connect two clauses to mean if/when, and so this extra use makes it so much more ambiguous going forward and i'll have to rely on context once again XD
1
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Seycalia
Level: 380
 
When/if A (polite/formal version)
Used in formal situations: business, towards customers, etc.
  1. A and B (and C,etc..)
    Gives a complete list. The final と may be omitted.
  2. With A; to A
    A is often a person, shows a action/state shared by 2 people/things
  3. When/if A, then B
    Used to show a natural/habitual consequence, or a factual relationship/condition
  4. Shows a sequence of two events A and B
    These events do not necessarily need to have a cause/effect relationship.
  5. When/if A (polite/formal version)
    Used in formal situations: business, towards customers, etc.
There are no approved example sentences.

There are no user-submitted sentences!
Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
Aます
 
ANoun です
 
Aい-adjective です
 
 
と


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
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onlyforyou
Level: 1
Will examples be added to the last grammar point on this page? I don't entirely understand the explanation given and have nothing to go on.
4
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
At some point, yes, but I can't give any estimates as to when.
0
15 years ago
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秋子ちゃん
Level: 1
About the second grammar point, I'm confused. The notes say the the second verb is past tense, but the model sentences have it in present tense. Are the notes or the model wrong?
1
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Notes, sorry! It's been fixed.
0
15 years ago
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What's the difference between the third and fourth meanings? They seem identical to me.
0
13 years ago
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mysticfive
Level: 2026
the fourth meaning is more of a cause-and-effect, the third meaning is more of a natural happening, something that's obvious
3
13 years ago
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I understand what you're saying, but the meanings still seem practically identical to me. Part of the problem lies in the example sentences. Look at the examples for the fourth meaning: 1. 「電気を消すと、くらくなります。」 2. 「走るとつかれる」 3. 「なっとうを食べると、つきそうになる。」 Of these three, only the third one seems like it [i]may[/i] belong under the fourth meaning. The first two are certainly obvious, natural, inevitable occurrences, are they not? To clarify the differences between these two usages, I think perhaps the fourth meaning can be best explained as describing an immediate sequence of events. I say this because there are situations where the subordinate clause (A) is not a cause and the main clause (B) is not an effect; rather, (B) simply directly follows (A) in time. For instance: [b]「彼は帰るとすぐ着替えてまた出かけた。」[/b] [i]As soon as he came home, he changed his clothes and went out again.[/i] What throws me off a little bit is that sometimes it's not so easy to draw a line between when 「と」 is describing a repeated factual condition, and when it is simply expressing a successive sequence of events. Consider these two seemingly identical usages: [b]「この坂を上り詰めると、よく海が見える。」[/b] [i]If you go up to the top of this slope, you can see the ocean quite well.[/i] [b]「次の角を右に曲がると、白い屋根の教会が見えます。」[/b] [i]As soon as you turn right at the next corner, you'll see a church with a white roof.[/i] Now, at first these seemed like identical usages of 「と」, but I think that the key difference is that the first sentence is describing a repeated factual condition - the key is the use of the word よく. In other words, the emphasis is not so much on the temporal relationship of the main clause to the first half of the sentence, but instead on the factual condition that there is always a good view of the ocean from the top of the hill. It's an extremely subtle difference, I know, but it's a difference that I know must exist because these two sentences come from separate meanings of the 「と」 conditional in one of my grammar books. It is also entirely possible that there is some tiny degree of overlap between the two usages, and that a small number of sentences can fall reasonably well under both meanings at the same time (such as the above two examples), which may have been one of the primary sources of my confusion. Obviously I'm still fleshing these ideas out, but the way I'm seeing it right now is that there are basically two fundamentally distinct, yet at the same time often incredibly similar and related usages of this conditional: [b][1] repeated factual conditions/habitual occurrences/natural occurrences (note that this already corresponds nicely with our meaning #3 here on this page) [2] an immediate sequence of two events (which may or may not be operating in a cause/effect relationship) [/b] I'd really like to know what everyone else thinks about this, but for now I'm going to suggest that the fourth meaning on the page be narrowed in its scope to only pertain to usage [2], while the first meaning be left as is to encompass everything else.
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
I apologize for the delay in looking at this. I have adjusted the first of the two meanings, and I am thinking a bit more before I change the second - I would like to reference a few sources first. Once I do that, I will readjust the model sentences so they fit a bit better.
0
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Upon further searching, I cannot find reference in two larger texts to the 'sequence of events' style definition. Which reference are you looking at? I wonder if it would simply be easier (considering the scope of this library) to combine the two?
1
13 years ago
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[i]Basic Connection: Making Your Japanese Flow[/i], by Kakuko Shoji (ISBN978-4-7700-2860-0) I'm all for combining them; as I noted in my original post, I still do not see much of any difference between the two usages, no matter the scope of inquiry. However, should the usages be kept separate, then I believe that we need a better delineation between the two for the sake of clarity.
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Combined!
1
13 years ago
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テリフン
Level: 1
Quick question on the last form. Verb: Imperative (strong command)A + と Example: [color=red]洗うと[/color] (wash (it)) So, to make the command more agressive, all you do is add the と? You don't have to change the verb to [color=red]洗えと[/color]？ Also, why is it titled, "Do (Don't do) A"? Where does the "Do" come in?
0
13 years ago
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First of all, I don't think there is a command form that ends in 「と」. Even if there is (I've never come across it yet), I know for sure that there is no [dictionary form + と] command form. Options for imperative forms that I know of are 「洗え」,　「洗って」,　「洗いなさい」
1
13 years ago
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テリフン
Level: 1
Thanks for clearing that up for me. Sorry I am such a bother. :)
1
13 years ago
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It's no bother at all, we are all learning this stuff together.
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
I think the usage examples could be improved a bit if they included the required passive verb (言われる,注意される, etc.) - maybe that is causing the confusion?
0
13 years ago
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This is from a Japanese teacher, and I quote: [quote]言わないって。 we dont put と after verb in any form. who said like that ?? へんだよ～[/quote]
1
13 years ago
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What I think the problem is that the rest of the expression is omitted, that's the only way it makes any sense at all. As in something like: 「注意されないと困る」 But if anything this usage really deserves it's own grammar page (if it doesn't have one already); it's too confusing to list it here as an incomplete abbreviated form that is actually being implied as a weak command, in my opinion. Barring that, it really needs to be explained in depth in the usage notes, so people can understand where it is coming from grammatically.
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Problem, though, is that most language teachers don't have their minds organized like a filing cabinet, where they can say 'verbs, what can follow it?' then get a perfect list. I can think off the top of my head, like you gave, several examples. しないとね << shortened form of といけない . It can be a bit dangerous at times to say 'this NEVER happens' 彼はやると言いました There's another one. I will, for the time being, remove it from this page until I decide the best way to re-add it. I do think, though, that said teacher spoke a little too quickly.
0
13 years ago
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Right, but the thing is that on this page it was taken completely out of context, with no explanation that there has to be verb after it (even if it is implied), which is what makes it resemble a command or a strong suggestion. Hence the confusion and the questions.
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Yea, definitely agree with you there. I will revisit the re-addition of it (on a separate page) when I have some time - need to get back to 2 more key features for the beta renshuu! yay! Thanks for all of your input and taking the time to help lookup (and consult with others) so we can have the most accurate info!
1
13 years ago
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You're welcome, but no need to thank me - I learn just as much if not more from people's questions as they do. I remember wondering about that usage myself on my initial pass through this page.
0
13 years ago
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I want to say that it seems there has been made a mistake on this page. If you go through the discussion here, you'll find a talk from years ago about the two possible meanings of [verb non-past]+と~[verb non-past]. That is the following: [quote]there are basically two fundamentally distinct, yet at the same time often incredibly similar and related usages of this conditional: [1] repeated factual conditions/habitual occurrences/natural occurrences (note that this already corresponds nicely with our meaning #3 here on this page) [2] an immediate sequence of two events (which may or may not be operating in a cause/effect relationship) [/quote] Right now, only [1] is represented on this page. This caused me [b]extreme[/b] confusion, because the study book I was using was clearly using [2] and could not be using [1]. (I could derive the meaning from the context, but I came here to check the exact grammar because I'd never encountered this use of と before). The sentence in question is the following, btw: 男は、畑に行くと、その絵を木の枝につけました。 [i]The man went to the field and hung the picture on a tree branch.[/i] I of course have no clue what happened since this discussion was held three years ago. But I'm guessing there was some kind of mistake and something was removed that shouldn't have been? Because as is now this page is extremely confusing when you are looking for this use of と and can't find it anywhere until you read the comments.
0
11 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Thanks for the response. From your perspective as coming here for more information, would you feel it is clearer if that point is separated out into an entirely different meaning (on this page), or if it is added to the list of the current when/if then meaning that is given now?
0
11 years ago
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Thanks for your quick response as well! I think it should be separated out into an entirely different meaning (on this page). For one because I think that way is the most clear, but also because if you go to the page for たら: (http://www.renshuu.org/index.php?page=grammar/individual&id=109), there you have an almost identical situation, and it separates them into entirely different meanings. So it would keep things consistent across pages as well.
0
11 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Sorry for the delay in getting it up - I wanted to consult a few additional sources fourth. The fourth meaning has been added!
0
11 years ago
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Took me a while to check back, but I just want to say great to see you added it! It'll be a great help to anyone else coming here looking for the same thing. :D
0
11 years ago
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まさむね123
Level: 1
V (informal nonpast) + と
いAdjective (informal nonpast) + と
なAdjective (informal nonpast) + だと
Noun (informal nonpast) + だと

{V/Adjective (い/な) Noun+copula} informal nonpast + と

Ive seen some sources that (1 and possibly 4) could be constructed like this?

それは先生に聞くとすぐ分かった。 - example for (4)
I understood it immediately when I asked my teacher.

タイヤは古いと危ないですよ。
Tires are dangerous if they are old.

魚が嫌いだと日本へ行った時困りますか？
If you don't like fish, will you have trouble when you go to Japan?

学生だと割引があります。
If you are a student, there is a discount.
0
6 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Agreed for #1, and added! Need to get some example sentences up on #4 soon, first.
0
6 years ago
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まさむね123
Level: 1
Edited my top comment to reflect いAdjective, I think there's no だ after it. (or I could be wrong)
0
6 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Whoops, sorry about that! I am 100% sure that there is no だ, but my brain must have crossed wires when I was inputting it.
0
6 years ago
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