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Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
37
２ 、 ４ 、 ６ など は 偶 数 で す 。 
Two, four, six, etc. are even numbers.
0
29
人 は 洪 水 や 火 災 など の 災 害 を 恐 れ る 。 
Man fears disasters such as floods and fires.
0
26
此 の 店 は 食 料 品 、 例 え ば バ タ ー 、 チ ー ズ 、 砂 糖 など を 売 っ て 居 る 。 
The store sells foodstuffs, such as butter, cheese, and sugar.
0
2
其 の ホ テ ル に は プ ー ル や テ ニ ス コ ー ト など が 有 る 。 
The hotel has a swimming pool, tennis courts and the like.
0
9
其 の 船 に は 石 炭 や 材 木 など が 積 ま れ て 居 た 。 
The vessel was loaded with coal, lumber, and so on.
4
10
螺子 、 梃子 、 楔 、 滑 車 など は 単 一 機 械 と 呼 ば れ る 。 
The screw, the lever, the wedge, the pulley, etc. are called simple machines.
0
15
国 籍 や 性 別 又 は 職 業 など で 人 を 差 別 為 て は 行 け な い 。 
Don't discriminate against people based on nationality, gender, or occupation.
0
8
私 は ノ ー ト 、 ペ ン など が 必 要 だ 。 
I need pens, notebooks and so on.
0
14
私 は 数 学 や 化 学 など が 好 き で す 。 
I like mathematics, chemistry and the like.
0
12
彼 は 私 に 年 齢 、 名 前 、 住 所 など を 尋 ね た 。 
He asked me my age, my name, my address, and so forth.
0
1
彼 は 風邪 で も 薬 など 飲 ま な い 。 
He never takes medicine for his cold.
0
3
此 れ 等 の 楽 器 は 、 空 き 缶 や 牛 乳 パ ッ ク など 、 全 て 要 ら な く 成 っ た 物 で 作 ら れ て 居 ま す 。 
These musical instruments are made entirely from unneeded things such as empty cans and milk cartons.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AList of items
など
Basic Examples:
パンや牛乳等 (bread, milk etc.)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

You will often see など written in kanji as 等。
24
avatar
srm924
Level: 1

Questions/Discussion

It says など marks the end of a list, but the subtext says など can be used to separate items. Don't these conflict with each other? Or are these meant as 2 separate uses?
2
avatar
Archonite
Level: 399
 
Things like A; for example A
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
此この 店みせは 団だん子ごなど が 有ゆう名めいで す 。 
This store's dangos and other things are famous.
16
こ ん な 料 理 など 、 食 べ た く な い わ 。 
I won't want to eat something like this.
0
9
彼 女 の こと など 、 も う 思 い 出 し た く な い 乃 だ 。 
I don't want to think about anything to do with her.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun だ
 
AVerb: Casual
 
 
など/なんて/なんか
Basic Examples:
君何て嫌い (I hate people like you)

Related Expressions
ようだ
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

なんか is often used in place of など in colloquial speech.

君のことなどもう知らない。"I don't care anymore about you (someone like you)"

(thanks to 奈落の花 for this sentence)

なんて can also be used in place of など, it's often used when you're upset, angry, or surprised.

Sentences from mireille:

あなたなんかきらい。もう来ないで。
20枚のレポートを1日で書いたなんて、すごいねえ。私なんか3枚のレポートも書けない。
彼女、大人っぽいね。まだ15歳だなんて信じられないよ。
17
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マイコー
Level: 301
this form of など・なんて・なんか　is most commonly used in negative expressions
11
avatar
mysticfive
Level: 2025

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Used to emphasize negative B
B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
27
こ ん な 服 なんか 嫌 だ よ 。 
I don't like clothes like this.
0
14
彼 女 の 意 見 なんて 信 用 で き な い よ 。 
I just can't trust her opinion.
0
10
僕 なんか じ ゃ 出 来 っ こ な い よ 。 
There's no way someone like me could do it.
2

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun で など/なんて/なんか
 
Aな-adjective で なんて
 
AVerb: Casual なんて
 
Aい-adjective なんて
 
 
BNegative
Basic Examples:
気取ってる人等嫌い (I hate stuck-up people)

汚染で何て気持ち悪い (dirty places are disgusting)

走る何て疲れちゃう (running is just exhausting)

安い何て要らない ((I) don't need anything cheap)

Notes
なんて and なんか can replace など in casual speech.
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Japanese equivalent of "So", for negative feelings.
2
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むしゃむしゃ
Level: 103

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
How A; What A
Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
3
なんて 美 し い 景色 で し ょ う 。 
What beautiful scenery.
0
2
なんと 彼 は 愚 か な 人 だ 。 
What a foolish person he is.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
なんて/なんと
Aい-adjective
Basic Examples:
何て懐かしい (how nostalgic)

なんて/なんと
ANoun
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
2
彼 に 限 っ て 裏 切 り など 有 る も の か 。 
There's just no way he could betray me.
0
1
選 り に よ っ て 退 学 処 分 なんて 。 
Of all things, to be expelled from school!
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
Aい-adjective
なんて
BFeelings
AVerb: Dictionary Form
なんて
Basic Examples:
嘘為る何て信じられない (can't believe (they) would lie)

Aな-adjective
(だ)
なんて
ANoun
(だ)
なんて/など/なんか
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

なんて can be used to express criticism or display surprise.
彼は医者になるなんて信じられない。魚も料理できないのに。I can't believe the fact of him becoming a doctor. He can't even cook fish.
こんなに歌がうまいなんて知られなかった。
I had no idea you can sing so well!

Conversational use.
4
avatar
咲乱
Level: 1

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
What (did) A
Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
5
今 なんて 言 っ た の ？ 
What did you just say?
0
1
此 の 漢 字 は なんて 書 い て 有 る の ？ 
What do these kanji say?
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
何て
AVerb: Casual
Basic Examples:
何て言う (what did (someone) say)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
What is the name of A
  1. Marks the end of the non-exhaustive list A
    List A only gives a few of a longer list; these terms are often separated by など or や.
  2. Things like A; for example A
  3. Used to emphasize negative B
    B can be things such as a negative adjective (きらい), or a verb (できない、いらない, etc).
  4. How A; What A
    Shows a very strong feeling A about something.
  5. Shows a strong emotion or feeling about A
    This phrase is often followed by words B such as 信じられない、ひどい、本当？、うらやましい、びっくり
  6. What (did) A
    Often used with verbs: いう (What did .. say), 書く (What did .. write);
  7. What is the name of A
3
此 の 花 は なんて いう 名 前 で す か ？ 
What's the name of this flower?
0
1
あの 人 の 名 前 は なんて 言 う 乃 だ っ け 。 
What again is the name of that person?
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
何て
いう
ANoun
Basic Examples:
何て言う犬？ (What's the dog's name)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
avatar
奈落の花
Level: 1
など can be used not just for lists.
It's also used in conversation when speaking generally and in a roundabout way about someone or something.
For this kind of things なんか　is used more often, but still.

For examples...

君のことなどもう知らない。"I don't care anymore about you (someone like you)"

but also

コーヒーなどいかがですか "How about something like a coffee?"


Sorry for my english XD I hope I explained myself at least in a decent way :P
12
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
No problems at all with your English :). Thanks so much for this additional meaning! I've gone ahead and added it to this page (second meaning on the page). I used your first sentence as an example for なんか, but feel free to use the second sentence as a user sentence :)
0
15 years ago
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奈落の花
Level: 1
I'm glad I've been somehow useful :D
0
15 years ago
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mireille
Level: 1
Update for the second meaning:

Plain form verb + など・なんて
Noun + (だ+) など・なんて・なんか
0
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Added some of the constructions - do you have some examples of the なんて／なんか usage? I would think that's not the general usage of it, but one way in which it's used (might be better as a usage note?)
0
15 years ago
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mireille
Level: 1
あなたなんかきらい。もう来ないで。
20枚のレポートを1日で書いたなんて、すごいねえ。私なんか3枚のレポートも書けない。
彼女、大人っぽいね。まだ15歳だなんて信じられないよ。
0
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Oooh, you mean using those instead of など, got it :). There's already a usage-note for なんか, but I'll mention なんて as well. Thanks!
0
15 years ago
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モモ姫
Level: 1
It would be great if なんて and なんか were searchable with など :-) if that's possible..
0
14 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
They *should* be, but I can think of one reason as to why they might not be; will look into it later today!
0
14 years ago
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alester237
Level: 1
On the how to section of the 2nd usage of など, it says to drop い and add く before など for い-adjectives, but the example right below that says, "安いなどいらない."
1
14 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
I went ahead and changed it - it can take the く form depending on what follows the など, but there are probably more cases where it remains the same.
0
14 years ago
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Level:
I just talked with a native speaker who told me that there's really no such thing as the 「て form + など」 construct. Apparently, due to the formal nature of など, you have to either rearrange the sentence to be more formal, or use one of the alternatives, なんか or なんて (as discussed above).

Specifically, I showed her the four examples under the second listed meaning. She said that this sentence is perfect:

気取ってる人などきらい -- I hate stuck-up people

She said though that the other three needed to be changed to use など. For instance:

走ってなどつかれちゃう -- running is just exhausting

should be:

長距離走などは、つかれます。

So, it seems to me that the second meaning on this page still works, but only if a noun (possibly sans で) precedes など.

I think that it has mostly to do with mixing politeness levels more than anything. It would be kind of like using 敬語 words throughout your sentences, but ending them with verbs in dictionary form - it just sounds too unnatural.

Your thoughts?
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
So..the non Noun constructs can be used the way they are if its なんか or なんて, whereas only the Noun construct can be used with all three?
0
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Actually, I am looking at a grammar dictionary which confirms that, but takes it further, and says that while all the constructs can use なんて, only the N construct can use など or なんか.
1
13 years ago
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Level:
OK, I talked with her a bit more about it...I'll paste what she said:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I think there are two different meanings in など

1. is "etc"
2. is "such a"

1. 私は自転車に乗ることなどが好きです。
I like riding a bicycle and so on.

2. 私は自転車に乗ることなど、好きではない。
I don't like such a riding a bicycle thing (because it's dangerous or something)

I think you want you use など in second usage, and you have to use negative usage.
After など、negative sentence must follow.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Then, she had me write a sentence, so I came up with:

私は運転することなど好きではない。

She said this was fine, OR you could also say:

私は運転など好きではない。

She confirmed that before など, there must be a noun. Also, she said that なんか (and I had assumed by extension なんて, but your grammar book says otherwise?) functions exactly the same in this usage as など, it just sounds casual. But she said you have to be careful to match the politeness of the verb at the end of the sentence, so for instance:

私は運転なんか好きじゃない。

Is better than:

私は運転なんか好きではない。
3
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Yea - the grammar book (it is actually an entry for なんて, with additional info for なんか and など) shows it coming after all word types.
1
13 years ago
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beru123
Level: 1
you are really great. With one sentence i learn more.
1
13 years ago
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Level:
Not sure whether this was already added somewhere on Renshuu,
but なんて (formally, なんと) can also emphasize something positive.
For example, something like "I can't believe she's that cute!" would be
"そんなにかわいいなんて（信じられない）！"
You could also say "この犬はなんてかわいいんだ！" (How cute is this dog!/How cute this dog is!)
I guess it could be translated as "how [adj.] it is!"
2
6 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 301
Sorry for the delay! After looking into multiple sources, I was able to come up with classifications that I think will fit the two different usages you mentioned. I do not have example sentences up yet, but we are hoping to boost the sentences in the grammar library through the rest of this year!
1
6 years ago
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