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In A; on A; at A
Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
その 箱はこの 中なかに 写しゃ真しんが 入はいっ て い ま す 。 
There are some pictures inside of that box.
37
う ち の 水 槽 に ス ポ ン ジ ボ ブ が 2 匹 住 ん で い ま す 。 
There are two Spongebobs residing in my aquarium.
30
私 の 部屋 に 可愛 い 猫 が います 。 
There is a cute cat in my room.
19
屋 根 の 上 に 大 き な 猿 が いて 、 友 達 に なった 。 
There is a large monkey on the roof that I became friends with.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (location)
に
Basic Examples:
日本に居る (to be in Japan)

Notes
Used with いる/ある to show where something/someone exists
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

compare this with (location)+で, in which an action occurs at a place. This sense only uses passive verbs (like いる、ある), whereas with で you would use active verbs (such as 食べる、する etc)
0
avatar
mysticfive
Level: 1974

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
To A; towards A; on A
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
19
よ し 、 お 昼 は デパ 地 下 に 試 食 に 行 こ う ！ 
OK, for lunch let's go to the underground shopping area of the department store for food samples!
26
大 阪 に 行 き た い 。 
I wanna go to Osaka.
19
家 に 帰 っ た ら 、 母 に 電 話 し ま し た 。 
When I got home, I called my mother.
14
大 切 な 彼 女 に 車 を プ レ ゼ ン ト する つ も り だ 。 
I plan on giving my precious girlfriend a car as a present.
14
大 好 き な ピカチュウ に チ ョ コ を あげたい な 。 
I want to give some chocolate to (my) lovely Pikachu.
13
ここ に 、 明日 も 来 て くれます か ？ 
Will you come here tomorrow?

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (location)
に
Basic Examples:
日本に行く (to go to Japan)

Notes
Shows that the action is directed towards A.
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

this pattern usually goes with verbs of movement (walking, running etc)
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mysticfive
Level: 1974
Noun(Location) could be people/person. Ex:
すきな せきに 座ります. そして 店員に チケット を わたします.
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まさむね123
Level: 1
に can be used in the sense of indirect object (to which action is directed).
彼氏は彼女に指輪を上げた
The boyfriend gave a ring to his girlfriend.
0
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Rishi (リシ）
Level: 323

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
At A (time)
This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
30
2007 年 の 8 月 に 来 日 しました 。 
I came to Japan in August of 2007.
29
六 時 に 起 き ま す 。 
I wake up at 6 o'clock.
18
今日 の 内 に 、 きっと ゴ ジ ラ は 来 る で し ょ う 。 
Godzilla will definitely come sometime today.
19
毎 年 4 月 に 、 桜 は 咲 い て い ま す 。 
The cherry blossoms bloom every year in April.
14
子 供 の ころ に 、 熊 と 闘 っ た こと が あります 。 
I had fought a bear when I was a child.
14
彼 は 17 時 に 東 京 へ 出 発 し ま す 。 
He departs for Tokyo at 5:00pm.
12
会 議 は 五 時 か ら に 変 更 で す 。 
The change is for the meeting to start from five.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (time)
に
Basic Examples:
四時に帰る (go home at 4)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

に for Temporal Noun（時相名詞）

―――It's not necessary to add に for relative temporal noun (e. g. 明日、明朝)―――
昨日、ここで交通事故があった。
Yesterday, we had a traffic accident here.

―――Add に for absolute/exact temporal noun (e. g. ６時）―――
１０月１０日に、交通事故があった。
We had a traffic accident on October 10th.

太郎は天皇誕生日に東京を後にします。
Taro leaves Tokyo on the Emperor’s birthday holiday (Dec 23rd).

―――It's suggested to add に for non-apparent temporal noun―――
夏休みに交通事故があった。
We had a traffic accident during the summer vacation.

太郎は誕生日に東京を後にします。
Taro leaves Tokyo on his birthday.

―――It's optional to add に for particular time word (e. g. 時（とき）、くらい）―――
１０月１０日頃、交通事故があった。
We had a traffic accident around October 10th.

３日後に、送別会が行われる。
The farewell party will be held three days later.

――But, it should be added when used just before verb――
送別会が３日後に行われる。
The farewell party will be held three days later.

－From Meadowlake's journal on Lang-8
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naikou3611
Level: 10
To add to the excellent note already here, に should not be used for regularly occurring temporal nouns (毎_ / mai__).

毎日犬と散歩します。
I take the dog on a walk every day.

毎日 (every day) is not followed by に, or any other particle for that matter.
Perhaps this is the same as a relative temporal noun, but I didn't see this specific type of example, so I wanted to add it.
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ライアンでいい
Level: 1168

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
To change into A
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
8
新 し い 職 場 は 、 山 奥 の 病 院 に なった 。 
My new workplace will be (was decided to be) a hospital deep in the mountains.
9
会 議 は 明日 に 変 更 に なる の で 、 皆 さ ん に 伝 え て ください 。 
The meeting has been changed to tomorrow, so please tell everyone.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
 
Aな-adjective
 
 
になる
Basic Examples:
先生になる (to become a teacher)

きれいになる (to become clean, pretty)

More about なる
More about なる can be found here.
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
4
彼 は 彼 女 に 朝 食 を 作 っ た 。 
He made breakfast for her.
4
母 は 父 に 鞄 を 渡 し た 。 
Mom handed the bag to Dad.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
APerson
に
Basic Examples:
母に花を上げた (I gave my mother a flower)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
8
咲子さきこは よく 先 生 に 呼 ば れ て 、 しかられていた 。 
Sakiko was often called and scolded by the teacher.
16
俺 、 猫 に まで バカ に されてる ！ 
Even the cat is making fun of me!
11
私 は 姉 に とても 可愛 が ら れ ま し た 。 
I was really loved by my older sister.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
に
BPassive tense
Basic Examples:
兄に殴られた ((I) was hit by (my) older brother)

Passive Tense
More about the passive tense can be found here.
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
14
月 に 一 回 、 海 へ 行 く ん で す 。 
I go to the beach once a month.
15
一 年 に 何 度 か 実 家 へ 帰 り ま す 。 
I go back to my parents' home several times each year.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
APeriod of time
に
BFrequency
Basic Examples:
一週間に一回 (once per week)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Going/coming/returning to do A
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
1
夏 は 北 海 道 に 遊 びに 行 き た い 。 
In the summer, I want to go to Hokkaido to have fun.
4
友 達 が 生 ま れ た ばかり の 赤 ち ゃ ん を 見 に 来 ま し た 。 
I came to see my friend's newborn baby.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AVerb: Stem
 
ANoun
 
 
に行く/来る/帰る
Basic Examples:
見に行く (go to see)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
A and B
Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
  1. In A; on A; at A
    Used when describing the existence/presence of something.
  2. To A; towards A; on A
  3. At A (time)
    This can be used with an actual time (xx:yy), day, month, etc.
  4. To change into A
  5. Shows the target/recipient A of the action
  6. Used with passive verbs to identify who/what is doing the action
  7. Every period of time A, B; Per A, B
    B is often of the form 一回, 三回, etc.; during the period A, something happens B times.
  8. Going/coming/returning to do A
  9. A and B
    Used when the A and B often come as a set (e.g. food & drink)
7
この セ ッ ト は コーヒー に ケ ー キ が 付 き ま す 。 
In this set, the coffee comes with cake.
2
私 は Ｔ シ ャ ツ に ジ ー ン ズ という 服 装 が 好 き だ 。 
I like jeans and a T-shirt as an outfit.

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
に
BNoun
Basic Examples:
紅茶にケーキ (tea and cake)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
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Ladymercury
Level: 19
Looking at the usage for #2, couldn't you also say 「私は仮面ライダーに変身する」? Because with the way its written, I'm thinking 「変身」 to literally change/transform as well as 「なる」? Though, my question probably - Can you use them interchangeably?

「私は仮面ライダーになるよ！」
「私は赤いの戦士に変身します！」
1
15 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294
Yea, I'd see them as the difference being 'to become' and 'to change/transform into', so probably not more than a slight change in the meanings, but *generally* the same.
1
15 years ago
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Ladymercury
Level: 19
Thanks for the clarification on that :)b!!!!
0
15 years ago
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Level: 1
wtf?! "Do A, A is happening" i don't understand this usage :O
0
14 years ago
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mysticfive
Level: 1974
two things on the last usage - first, it appears most people have confused this pattern with (verb stem)に(motion verb - いく，くる etc) (I did too until looking at it again!) so maybe have something for that as well?
Also you can use a noun for that pattern as well if you use を重ねて - 嘘に嘘を重ねて (using numerous lies, or piling one lie on another)
0
14 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294
Yea, I think I am going to just switch it other to the other form, then consider re-entering the new one at a later point.
0
14 years ago
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テリフン
Level: 1
For the passive verb meaning, should there be a + Passive Verb after the に？
1
13 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294
Yes, that would be useful. Thanks!
0
13 years ago
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IJamLegend
Level: 1
I keep getting an error message that just says "false" when I try to view the user sentences on "A and B (as a set)"
0
10 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294
Hmm - it works in the renshuu beta - beta will become the main site in just a couple of weeks, so I recommend that you join it now (link in the Help menu), as no bug fixes are being made on the 2.0 (current) version of the site unless the quizzing stops working.
1
10 years ago
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Level:

The link to passive tense on usage 4 seems to be broken.

1
10 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294

Fixed, thank you!

0
10 years ago
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gdartfow
Level: 1877
For the 8th usage, DBJG says に can be used with verbs of motion to express purpose (and also adds 入る and 出る to that list), but not with verbs like 歩く, 走る or 泳ぐ (as they represent a specific mode of motion, rather than the movement itself).
Does anyone have a more complete list of such verbs (for instance, would using it with 上る or 落ちる be ungrammatical)?
0
7 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 892
I do not at all understand #7 A and B (as a set), for cannot find any (verified) example sentence for this particular usage.
I found that に means "and; in addition to". Would that be the same? If so does a sentence like 紅茶に砂糖を加える。fall under this usage as many people consider sugar a necessary companion for tea? On the other hand this に has a feel of に入れる to it, which is closer to #2, is it not?
0
6 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294
Just clarified that meaning a bit and added a sentence! You were right with the first guess - it is similar to と when the two often come together as a set.
0
6 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 892
mysticfive は 08月 18日, 2:57に
two things on the last usage - first, it appears most people have confused this pattern with (verb stem)に(motion verb - いく，くる etc) (I did too until looking at it again!) so maybe have something for that as well?
Also you can use a noun for that pattern as well if you use を重ねて - 嘘に嘘を重ねて (using numerous lies, or piling one lie on another)
と言いました。

Concerning #8, I still don't understand the diference between this に and に行く・に来る which can be found elsewhere in the grammar library. And how does 嘘に嘘を重ねて fit into this pattern?

What if に is sandwiched between nouns? Which category does that belong to?
e.g. パスポートの申請に必要な物
0
6 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294
I think に #8 and に行く・来る are the same - they just got put up in different places.

I'm not sure the last case you gave is properly covered yet, but I'm a bit pressed for time at the moment so I cannot research the usage enough to document it.
0
6 years ago
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Karlla
Level: 892
I see. Thanks anyways.
0
6 years ago
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まさむね123
Level: 1
昨日来れば夏子に会えたでしょう・だろうに。
If you had come here yesterday, you could have met Natsuko.

Is it still common for people to use this pattern? に was added as a final particle to express feelings of great regret or sympathy.
0
6 years ago
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McYodo
Level: 29

I thought that I was being stupid and kept misunderstanding what に did in a sentence, little did I know that it has nine different uses. Thank you just so much Japan :)

3
4 years ago
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TumorsAreGood
Level: 163

The last page says that に is N1.

0
3 years ago
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マイコー
Level: 294

Well, most of the に usages are much higher (N5, N4), but for example, using に as "and" (#7) is not common at all.

As for #8, it should probably be closer to N3, will adjust that.

0
3 years ago
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stupidguy
Level: 184

The link to the grammar page for "Passive / 受身" under usage 6 needs updated. It seems to be using an old link format.

The line that it's on can be found with CTRL-F for "More about the passive tense can be found here."

edit: It's fixed, thank you!

0
3 years ago
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